Mormon Questions: Do Mormons Hold the Keys to the Kingdom?

Sep 23, 2024

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In this episode, Pastor Bryan takes a deep into the Bible to answer the question "Do Mormons Hold the Keys to the Kingdom?".

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The phrase "keys to the kingdom" is found in Matthew 16:19, where Jesus tells Peter, "I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven." This phrase has significant theological implications, especially in the context of how different Christian traditions interpret its meaning. While various denominations, including Roman Catholicism and Mormonism, have their own views on this passage, this article will focus on a biblical perspective of the "keys to the kingdom" and offer a critique of how it is understood in Mormon doctrine.

Mormon Doctrine of "Keys to the Kingdom"

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormonism) teaches that the "keys to the kingdom" refer to the authority of the priesthood, which they believe was restored through Joseph Smith. In Mormon doctrine, the "keys" of the priesthood are held by Church leaders, specifically the president of the Church, who is considered a prophet, seer, and revelator. These keys are believed to include the authority to perform necessary ordinances for salvation, such as baptism, confirmation, marriage, and other sacred rites.

Mormon teaching emphasizes that the priesthood keys are necessary for entering the celestial kingdom, the highest level of heaven in LDS theology. They believe that these keys were lost after the death of the original apostles and were restored through Joseph Smith during the early 19th century. In this view, the LDS Church is the only church that has the fullness of the priesthood keys necessary for salvation.

What Does the Bible Really Teach about the "Keys to the Kingdom"?

Matthew 16:15-19 (NLT) 15 Then Jesus asked his disciples, “But who do you say I am?” 16 Simon Peter answered, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.” 17 Jesus replied, “You are blessed, Simon son of John, because my Father in heaven has revealed this to you. You did not learn this from any human being. 18 Now I say to you that you are Peter (which means ‘rock’), and upon this rock I will build my church, and all the powers of hell will not conquer it. 19 And I will give you the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven. Whatever you forbid on earth will be forbidden in heaven, and whatever you permit on earth will be permitted in heaven.”

In Matthew 16:19, the "keys to the kingdom" symbolize authority, specifically spiritual authority in the context of the Church. The image of keys implies the power to open and close doors, which in this case represents the ability to grant or deny access to the kingdom of heaven. This authority is often understood to involve the power of teaching, guiding, and governing within the Church under Christ’s leadership.

Authority to Bind and Loose: The terms "bind" and "loose" in first-century Jewish context referred to legal and religious rulings. To "bind" meant to forbid something, while to "loose" meant to permit something. This indicates that Peter, and by extension the apostles and the Church, were given the authority to make decisions in matters of faith, practice, and discipline. This is confirmed in Matthew 18:18, where Jesus extends this authority to the community of believers as a whole (in the context of a believer sinning).
Matthew 18:18 (NLT) 18 “I tell you (plural) the truth, whatever you forbid on earth will be forbidden in heaven, and whatever you permit on earth will be permitted in heaven.”
(Pillar New Testament Commentary) To the church as a whole there is committed the responsibility of declaring what conduct is forbidden to the believer and what is permitted. This was very necessary in a situation where the Jewish Scriptures were accepted as the Scriptures of the believers, but where the Jewish interpretation was rejected, as were many Jewish practices that those who performed them alleged were based on Scripture. The church as a whole should decide such matters, Jesus is saying.
Foundation of the Church: Jesus tells Peter, "On this rock, I will build my church" (Matthew 16:18). Some have interpreted this to mean that Peter himself is the foundation of the Church, while others view the "rock" as Peter’s confession of faith that Jesus is the Messiah. Either way, the authority of the apostles is firmly grounded in their role as witnesses to Christ and His resurrection (Ephesians 2:20). And it’s all about Jesus:

Biblical Context of Authority

Throughout the New Testament, authority is a critical theme, and Jesus makes it clear that all authority comes from Him (Matthew 28:18). The "keys" given to Peter are not Peter's own personal authority but a stewardship of the authority of Christ. Pillar New Testament Commentary: “The early church knows nothing of a personal headship over the church possessed by Peter. He, together with John, was “sent” by the church (Acts 8:14), he is called by the church to give an account of himself (Acts 11:1-18), it is James, not Peter, who presides over the council in Jerusalem (Acts 15), and Paul rebukes him sharply (Gal. 2:11-14).”

Significantly, the "keys" do not represent unlimited or independent authority. Jesus, as the head of the Church (Colossians 1:18), remains the ultimate source of power. The authority to "bind and loose" is contingent upon faithfulness to Christ’s will, which is why the early apostles operated not as autonomous rulers but as humble servants of the Word (1 Corinthians 3:5-11).

Colossians 1:18 Christ is also the head of the church, which is his body.
1 Corinthians 3:11 For no one can lay any foundation other than the one we already have—Jesus Christ.

Moreover, this authority is always exercised in service to the Gospel. Peter and the other apostles are commissioned to preach, teach, and lead in a way that aligns with Christ's teachings (see Acts 2, 8, and 10 for the door opening to Jews, Samaritans, and Gentiles respectively). Contrast this with the Jewish leaders shutting the door on people (see Matthew 23:13)

Matthew 23:13 (NLT) 13 “What sorrow awaits you teachers of religious law and you Pharisees. Hypocrites! For you shut the door of the Kingdom of Heaven in people’s faces. You won’t go in yourselves, and you don’t let others enter either.”

A Biblical Critique of the Mormon View

No Apostolic Succession of Keys in the Bible: While the Bible does speak of the apostles receiving authority from Christ, it does not suggest that this authority was passed down in a formal, institutionalized manner after their deaths. Ephesians 2:20 says that the Church is "built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus himself as the chief cornerstone." This implies that the apostles’ unique role in establishing the Church was foundational and not something that would continue through future generations.
The Priesthood of All Believers: In the New Testament, the concept of priesthood shifts dramatically. 1 Peter 2:9 refers to all believers as a "royal priesthood," indicating that every Christian, through faith in Christ, has direct access to God. Hebrews 7:23-28 and Hebrews 10:19-22 emphasize that Jesus is the perfect and eternal High Priest, rendering any additional earthly priesthood unnecessary for salvation.
Christ’s Authority is Final and Complete: Jesus declares that "all authority in heaven and on earth" has been given to Him (Matthew 28:18). The idea that the "keys" were lost and needed to be restored is not supported by Scripture – and it would make Jesus incompetent! After His resurrection, Jesus gave the Holy Spirit to the apostles (John 20:22) to guide them, indicating that the Church was fully equipped for its mission. The New Testament gives no indication that there would be a need for additional restoration of authority.
Salvation is Through Faith, Not Ordinances: The New Testament consistently teaches that salvation is by grace through faith in Jesus Christ (Ephesians 2:8-9), not through the performance of ordinances. While baptism, communion, and other practices are important expressions of faith, they are not prerequisites for salvation in the biblical sense. The idea that the "keys to the kingdom" involve controlling access to salvation through ordinances contradicts the teaching that faith in Christ alone is what saves (John 3:16, Romans 10:9).

The Takeaway

The biblical understanding of the "keys to the kingdom" is that they represent the authority Christ gave to the apostles to lead the Church in faithfulness to His teachings. This authority is always under the lordship of Christ and serves the proclamation of the Gospel. The idea that the keys were lost and later restored through Joseph Smith, as taught in Mormonism, is not supported by the Bible. Rather, the Bible emphasizes the sufficiency of Christ’s authority and the priesthood of all believers, showing that access to the kingdom of God is granted through faith in Jesus Christ, not through institutionalized priesthood or restored keys.