Towards Resilience: A Conversation with Kate Starbird About the Future of Online Elections Discourse
Dec 8, 2024
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Kate Starbird, a professor at the University of Washington and co-founder of the Center for an Informed Public, discusses the intricate world of online election discourse. She examines how misinformation is shaped by political ecosystems, emphasizing the contrasting strategies of the left and right. Kate highlights the shift from traditional manipulation to citizen-driven narratives and the emotional dynamics in social media. She calls for innovative platforms that promote shared values to combat misinformation effectively, fostering resilience in the information landscape.
The rise of participatory disinformation suggests that everyday individuals actively amplify narratives they believe to be true, complicating the understanding of misinformation.
Research now emphasizes the importance of emotionally resonant 'deep stories' over factual accuracy, revealing a disparity in narrative effectiveness between political groups.
Deep dives
Insights on Election Rumors and Disinformation
During the 2024 U.S. election cycle, researchers observed a continuation of disinformation patterns reminiscent of previous cycles, particularly surrounding election administration rumors. Rumors about voting processes, such as claims regarding ballot print errors and tampering with voting machines, were prevalent. However, the resolution of these rumors occurred relatively quickly, especially among the political right, largely due to the favorable outcome of the election for Donald Trump supporters. In contrast, after the election, the political left engaged in conspiracy theorizing to explain unexpected losses, although this did not gain the same traction or infrastructure for dissemination as seen on the right.
Participatory Disinformation Dynamics
The concept of participatory disinformation emerged as a key observation, challenging the prior understanding that disinformation primarily resulted from top-down manipulation. Instead, it highlighted how everyday individuals contributed to the spread of false claims by amplifying narratives they believed to be true. For instance, misleading stories regarding election fraud were circulated not just by prominent figures but also by regular voters sharing their experiences, which were then amplified by influencers. This participatory cycle indicates that audiences play a significant role in shaping narratives, reflecting a responsive and reactive relationship between media, elites, and the public.
Deep Stories Over Misinformation
Research has shifted focus from merely defining misinformation to understanding the power of 'deep stories' that resonate with people's beliefs and identities, often regardless of their factual accuracy. These narratives, which encompass fears and values, empower political groups by motivating their supporters, exemplifying how a story's emotional appeal can outweigh factual correctness. In contrast, the political left has struggled to construct similarly compelling narratives, often relying on factual rebuttals rather than developing engaging stories. This disparity in storytelling reflects broader socio-political dynamics, with the right leveraging their strong narrative structure to galvanize support.
Future Directions in Information Ecosystems
Looking ahead, researchers emphasize the need to rethink strategies for engaging with the evolving landscape of information ecosystems, particularly acknowledging the entrenched nature of misinformation. Rather than merely defending existing platforms, there is a call to create new spaces that align with progressive values and effectively communicate appeals. This shift requires a deeper understanding of the structural attributes of the media environment and the economic incentives that drive content dissemination. Ultimately, fostering innovative storytelling that resonates with audiences could be vital for addressing the challenges posed by entrenched disinformation.
Kate Starbird is a professor in the Department of Human Centered Design & Engineering and director of the Emerging Capacities of Mass Participation Laboratory at the University of Washington, and co-founder of the University of Washington's Center for an Informed Public. Justin Hendrix interviewed her about her team’s ongoing efforts to study online rumors, including during the 2024 US election; the differences between the left and right media ecosystems in the US; and how she believes the research field is changing.
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