In this episode, the hosts sit down with Eric Eyerman CEO of Cal Nano to discuss Cryogenic Milling. They explore different methods of particle size reduction in milling processes, the benefits of cryo-milling and material characterization, advantages of cryogenic milling and cold working processes, and the significance of lowering temperature in cryogenic milling and energy efficiency in the industry.
Cryo-milling at low temperatures facilitates grain refinement and creates nanostructured materials with improved strength and properties.
Cryo-milling enables the production of fully homogenous materials, even when combining metals and ceramics, and can be combined with other processes like Spark Plasma Sintering to achieve efficient grain consolidation.
Deep dives
Introduction to Milling
Milling is a process used in material science and engineering to reduce the particle size of materials, particularly ceramics and metals. By achieving a finer powder, the density of the resulting material can be increased when pressed together. Milling involves various methods, including conventional ball mills, attrition milling, and cryo-milling. Each method has its advantages and drawbacks, such as the use of different media, contamination risks, and scalability.
Types of Milling Processes
One common method of milling is attrition milling, which uses a vessel with a rotating shaft to crush and reduce the particle size of materials. Another technique is cryo-milling, which involves using liquid nitrogen or liquid argon as a medium to achieve particle size reduction at low temperatures. Cryo-milling offers unique benefits, including preventing ductile materials from flattening rather than fracturing and reducing the effects of temperature-related reactions. Mechanical alloying is another process related to milling, which combines multiple elements into a homogenous mechanically alloyed material.
Advantages and Applications of Cryo-Milling
Cryo-milling offers numerous advantages and applications in material science. By working at low temperatures, cryo-milling minimizes the effects of heat-induced reactions and facilitates grain refinement, creating nanostructured materials with improved strength and properties. Cryo-milling also enables the production of fully homogenous materials, even when combining metals and ceramics. It has been used to achieve record-breaking compression strength in magnesium alloys and to increase surface area for carbon sequestering materials. Furthermore, cryo-milling can be combined with other processes like Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) to retain nanostructures and achieve efficient grain consolidation.
Considerations and Costs of Milling
While milling offers various advantages, there are considerations and costs to keep in mind. Depending on the media used for milling, there can be contamination risks and impurity introduction. Media wear and the need for media replacement should also be taken into account. Different milling processes, such as cryo-milling, attrition milling, and jet milling, have different equipment costs and operating expenses. Cryo-milling, for example, involves liquid nitrogen consumption, but cost-effective techniques can help reduce expenses. Overall, the choice of milling method depends on the specific material and application requirements, balancing cost, scalability, and desired particle size reduction.
Cryogenic Milling, the name may be self explanatory but the process is not. We sit down with Eric Eyerman CEO of at Cal Nano to talk about what Cryogenic Milling is, how Cal Nano has used it in the past, and the benefits it offers to engineers.
This episode is sponsored by calnano, learn more about their work and services by visiting their website.
This episode is sponsored by Materials Today, an Elsevier community dedicated to the creation and sharing of materials science knowledge and experience through their peer-reviewed journals, academic conferences, educational webinars, and more.
Thanks to Kolobyte and Alphabot for letting us use their music in the show!
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Materialism Team: Taylor Sparks (co-creator,co-host), Andrew Falkowski (co-creator), Jared Duffy (production, marketing, and editing).