Jacobin Radio: Collapse in Syria w/ Gilbert Achcar
Dec 9, 2024
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Gilbert Achcar, a Professor at SOAS University and an expert on Middle Eastern politics, dissects the recent upheaval in Syria and the origins of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham. He connects the dots between Israel's conflicts and the collapse of Assad's regime while critiquing the global rise of far-right movements. Achcar warns about the implications of another Trump administration for the Middle East and highlights the precarious balance of power in France amidst discontent with neoliberalism, showcasing the interconnectedness of these global crises.
Gilbert Achcar illustrates how the recent collapse of the Assad regime in Syria is linked to Hezbollah's weakening and broader geopolitical tensions in the Middle East.
The rise of the far right globally, especially in France and the US, signifies a crisis in traditional political structures, threatening democratic governance and social cohesion.
Deep dives
Renewed Hostilities in the Middle East
The escalation of conflicts in the Middle East, particularly in Gaza, Lebanon, and Syria, is interconnected and reflects deeper geopolitical tensions. The ongoing violence in these regions is not merely a series of isolated incidents but rather a chain reaction stemming from past interventions and existing hostility among various factions. Gilbert Ashkar emphasizes that the civil war in Syria, which began over a decade ago, has recently reignited due to shifts in control and external influences, notably the impact of Hezbollah's weakening in Lebanon. This creates opportunities for factions opposed to the Syrian regime, leading to further instability in an already volatile region.
The Rise of the Far Right and Political Crisis
A worldwide political crisis is marked by the rise of the far right, particularly in France and the United States, where traditional political structures are fracturing. In France, the collapse of Emmanuel Macron's parliamentary majority has resulted in a deeply divided assembly, conducive to the far right gaining increased influence. Ashkar notes that this trend mirrors a broader global move toward neo-fascism, with significant implications for democratic governance and social cohesion. Such political shifts are compounded by socioeconomic factors and the enduring impact of the 2008 financial crisis, which has eroded trust in centrist parties.
Hezbollah's Complex Role in Lebanon
Hezbollah functions as a quasi-state within Lebanon, wielding considerable power and influence that complicates the nation's governance structure. Despite its military capabilities, which have been significantly weakened by recent Israeli attacks, Hezbollah remains integral to Lebanon’s political landscape, having both adversarial and cooperative relationships with the Lebanese state. Ashkar highlights that the deterioration of Hezbollah's leadership and infrastructure following Israeli offensives could reshape power dynamics within Lebanon, but challenges remain due to the country's persistent political paralysis. Additionally, the regional implications of Hezbollah’s interactions with Iran and Israel showcase the intricate and often contradictory nature of Middle Eastern geopolitics.
U.S. Foreign Policy and its Impact on the Region
The United States' unconditional support for Israel in its military actions against Gaza represents a significant shift in foreign policy, now perceived as a joint military effort rather than historical unilateral support. Ashkar argues that this shift, driven largely by President Biden’s personal alignment with pro-Israel stances, continues the trend established during the Trump administration. This alignment effectively undermines U.S. credibility on the global stage and exacerbates unrest in the Middle East, as the region becomes a stage for broader geopolitical rivalries. Such actions contribute to a cycle of violence that not only affects local populations but also has far-reaching consequences for global stability.
Suzi talked to Gilbert Achcar just before the spectacular collapse of the Assad regime that has ruled Syria for more than fifty years.
Achcar, author of many books on the region, explains Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS)’s origins, what is behind the lightning offensive that toppled Assad's government, and how that overthrow was prepared by Israel’s war on Lebanon and Gaza. We will also get Gilbert’s take on the collapse of the political center and rise of the far right worldwide, including in France and the US. What new dangers does Gilbert see for the Middle East with Trump’s election? The conversation was recorded December 5.
Jacobin Radio with Suzi Weissman features conversations with leading thinkers and activists, with a focus on labor, the economy, and protest movements.
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