Explore the infamous 1893 trial of Lizzie Borden, accused of brutally murdering her father and stepmother. Delve into the significant societal impacts of the crime during a time of economic disparity in Fall River. Uncover class struggles within the Borden family, and how Victorian gender norms shaped societal expectations for women. Learn about the tensions brewing in the Borden household leading up to the murders, revealing a web of family conflict and suspicion.
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Quick takeaways
The brutal nature of the Borden murders reflected deep social tensions in Fall River, highlighting economic divides and class biases of the time.
Lizzie Borden's trial became a sensationalized public spectacle, influenced by her family's complex dynamics and societal prejudices surrounding women's behavior.
Deep dives
The Borden Murders: A Chronology of Violence
The Borden murders, which occurred on August 4, 1892, involved the brutal slaying of Andrew Borden and his wife Abby in their Fall River home. Both victims were attacked with an axe or hatchet, resulting in Abby being struck 18 times and Andrew 11 times, with neighbors hearing nothing in a respectable neighborhood. The violent nature of the murders suggested a crime rooted in intense fury rather than robbery, particularly since there was no apparent motive and the Borden family had some wealth. This shocking event highlighted not just the immediate fear of a potential axe-wielding maniac in the community, but also pointed to deeper social tensions in Fall River, a town characterized by stark economic divides.
The Impact of Immigration and Class Struggles
Fall River, known as the 'Spindle City', was a booming textile town at the turn of the 19th century, experiencing rapid population growth due to an influx of immigrants seeking jobs in the mills. The economic disparity between the mill owners and workers led to significant social friction, with labor strikes and tensions rising, as owners sought to cut costs by employing women and children at low wages. The local cadre of wealthy families, including the Bordens, distanced themselves from the working-class neighborhoods as they became more affluent, leading to the establishment of a social divide rooted in economic class and immigrant identity. These societal shifts contributed to the perception of Lizzie Borden's trial, as many viewed the incident through the lens of class bias.
Family Dynamics and Resentments
The Borden household was fraught with complexities, particularly the strained relationships between Andrew, his second wife Abby, and his daughters Lizzie and Emma. The daughters felt resentment towards their father for his frugal lifestyle, which contrasted with their affluent expectations, especially when learning that he had spent money on Abby's family. Lizzie and Emma were frustrated that their father provided them only a meager allowance while being generous towards Abby's relatives, creating an environment ripe for conflict. These familial dynamics, along with Lizzie's rumored shoplifting habits, painted a picture of a household marked by tension that would ultimately play a role in the tragedy that unfolded.
Suspicion and Investigation
Following the murders, suspicion quickly fell on Lizzie due to her peculiar behavior and the circumstances surrounding the murders. Lizzie's attempts to purchase prussic acid the day before raised eyebrows, as did her calm demeanor upon reporting her father's death. Law enforcement's initial investigation was flawed, compounded by the presence of family members at the crime scene, which led to potential contamination of evidence. The investigation further intensified with societal prejudices, where local officials considered a possible connection to Portuguese immigrants, reflecting the racial tensions of the time, even without concrete evidence linking anyone to the murders.
University of Maryland history professor Michael Ross discussed the 1893 trial of Lizzie Borden, who was accused of murdering her father and stepmother with an axe. The murders and trial received widespread publicity at the time and Lizzie Borden became a lasting figure in American popular culture. This is the first of a two-part lecture.