Meet Peter Spencer, a Freelance Archaeologist, Surveyor, and Geomatics Specialist, as he discusses how geospatial tech is revolutionizing archaeology through laser scanning, LiDAR, ground penetrating radar, and photogrammetry. He also explains the use of AI and Earth observation data for prospecting new sites. Discover the fascinating world of geospatial archaeology!
Geospatial technology enables non-destructive modeling and analysis at different scales in archaeology.
3D scanning and printing revolutionize the analysis and accessibility of archaeological objects.
Deep dives
Geospatial skills applied at different scales in archaeology
Geospatial skills and techniques are used in archaeology at different scales: object scale, site scale, and landscape scale. These skills involve the accurate recording of geospatial locations, capturing high-resolution data of surface morphology and substance, and using technologies like GPS, total stations, photogrammetry, and laser scanning. This allows archaeologists to visualize and understand sites, objects, and features in detail, even revealing subtle details that are invisible to the naked eye. Geospatial data also plays a crucial role in analyzing and interpreting archaeological sites by enabling cluster analysis, route analysis, and network analysis. It provides quantifiable and scientific data for analyzing patterns, distributions, and connections within and between sites.
3D scanning and 3D printing in archaeology
The use of 3D scanning and 3D printing revolutionizes the analysis and accessibility of archaeological objects. 3D scanning technologies like photogrammetry and laser scanning capture highly detailed and accurate 3D models of objects, structures, and even human remains. These models allow researchers to visualize and analyze minute details that are not easily visible to the naked eye. Additionally, 3D printing enables the creation of physical replicas of objects, making it possible to study and handle rare or fragile artifacts without risking damage. 3D scanning and printing also facilitate the creation of comprehensive global collections and the sharing of archaeological materials, allowing researchers to analyze and study objects remotely.
Geospatial technology and data in site-wide and landscape analysis
Geospatial technology and data play a crucial role in site-wide and landscape analysis in archaeology. With the advent of geographic information systems (GIS) and other technologies, archaeologists can capture and analyze a wealth of data related to archaeological sites. By employing tools like high-resolution aerial imagery, LiDAR, and ground-penetrating radar, archaeologists can create detailed 3D models and accurately plot the locations and characteristics of structures, artifacts, and features within a site. This data capture facilitates cross-site comparisons, cluster analysis, and statistical analysis, enabling archaeologists to gain deeper insights into patterns, relationships, and interpretations for individual sites and landscape scales. Geospatial technology also allows for non-intrusive survey methods, such as remote sensing, which minimize destruction while prospecting for new archaeological sites and monitoring existing ones.
The role of open data and AI in archaeology
Open data and AI are transforming the field of archaeology by enhancing data access, analysis, and interpretation. The availability of open data sources like satellite imagery and geophysical surveys allows archaeologists to prospect for and visualize archaeological sites on a landscape scale. AI and machine learning algorithms have made it possible to automatically identify archaeological sites and features from high-resolution LiDAR data, surpassing human operators in classification accuracy. Furthermore, AI is being used to analyze vast amounts of data, providing quantitative insights and challenging established understandings of human development and cultural patterns. However, the proliferation of open data and the democratization of knowledge also present challenges, as interpretations and theorizing can be influenced by personal biases or limited understanding. It is crucial to approach data analysis and interpretation in a scientific and rigorous manner, while being aware of potential pitfalls and limitations.
You are about to meet Peter Spencer, a Freelance Archaeologist, Surveyor, and Geomatics Specialist
You are also about to learn how geospatial tech and techniques are being applied in the field of archaeology at an object scale with laser scanning that enables fragments of skeletons from all over the world to be 3D printed and pieced together locally.
At a site scale LiDAR, ground penetrating radar, and photogrammetry have completely changed the game in terms of modeling archaeological sites in a non-destructive manner.
And at the landscape scale, Earth observation data and AI are being used to prospect for new sites!