James Davison Hunter, a renowned sociologist at the University of Virginia, introduces listeners to the concept of 'hybrid Enlightenment' and its role in today's cultural fragmentation. He discusses the evolution of America's political conflicts, particularly the abortion debate, emphasizing the dangerous effects of dehumanizing opposition. Hunter highlights the importance of solidarity in maintaining democracy and critiques how progressive ideologies dominate institutions. He offers insights into navigating the current culture war, advocating for dialogue and courageous leadership.
James Davison Hunter emphasizes that America's current political conflicts are deeply rooted in cultural issues rather than economic divisions.
Hunter argues that true solidarity in society requires a commitment to shared values and mutual goals amidst rising polarization.
Deep dives
Cultural Roots of Political Crisis
The discussion highlights the concept of culture wars, which have been influential in shaping America's political landscape. James Davison Hunter emphasizes that contemporary political conflicts stem from deep-seated cultural issues rather than traditional economic divisions. He points out the evolution of the culture war over the past 40 years, arguing that cultural conflicts serve as precursors to potential violence, as seen in historical contexts like the Civil War. Hunter’s work aims to understand these dynamics and critique how mainstream social sciences often overlook the significance of culture.
E Pluribus Unum: Understanding Solidarity
Hunter redefines the notion of solidarity in American society, diverging from the more common ideas of unity and consensus. He suggests that true solidarity involves a commitment to a common project that transcends differences, drawing from the national motto 'E Pluribus Unum.' In his view, the cultural glue that traditionally bound America together is eroding amid rising polarization. He argues that recognizing what unifies people, such as shared values and mutual goals, is crucial for fostering a more cohesive society.
Hybrid Enlightenment and Its Unraveling
The notion of the hybrid enlightenment is described as a unique blending of various cultural sources that historically underpinned American democracy. Hunter highlights that this hybrid enlightenment included elements from both religious and secular philosophies, enabling individuals to participate in the democratic process. However, he argues that this foundational understanding has significantly unraveled, leading to a common culture characterized more by nihilism than by constructive engagement. The fragmentation of both conservative and liberal ideologies contributes to the current disarray, highlighting a need for renewed ethical leadership to guide society toward inclusivity and productive dialogue.
James Davison Hunter is a renowned sociologist at the University of Virginia who introduced the term "culture war" to the US discourse. He's a leading expert on cultural change and cultural battles in America.
He joins me to discuss his new book Democracy and Solidarity: On the Cultural Roots of America's Political Crisis, which tells the deep cultural story underlying today's polarized politics.
This important book describes the deep structure of American culture as resting on what he calls the "hybrid Enlightenment," joining various strands of European Enlightenment thinking with largely Calvinist Christianity. The various contradictions in this hybrid Enlightenment, such as slavery, were worked out over time. But that hybrid Enlightenment also became unraveled over time, leaving Americans without the cultural underpinnings necessary to sustain solidarity. The result is nihilism and culture war.
Democracy and Solidarity is a compelling and important read to understand our present cultural moment.