Elizabeth Anderson, "Hijacked: How Neoliberalism Turned the Work Ethic against Workers and How Workers Can Take It Back" (Cambridge UP, 2023)
Nov 13, 2023
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Elizabeth Anderson, author of 'Hijacked: How Neoliberalism Turned the Work Ethic against Workers and How Workers Can Take It Back', explores the history and implications of the work ethic. She discusses the distorted effects of paying workers under neoliberalism, the impact of monotonous work, the concept of social democracy, labor unions and workers' empowerment, understanding neoliberalism and its impact on workers, the decline of state funding for universities, and reviving the progressive work ethic.
The progressive work ethic values workers' well-being, fair treatment, and respect, promoting a society where work is fulfilling and workers are adequately compensated.
Neoliberalism perpetuates the conservative work ethic, favoring the interests of capitalists over workers and exacerbating inequality.
Deep dives
The Progressive Work Ethic and the Need for Workers' Empowerment
Elizabeth Anderson explores the progressive work ethic and the importance of empowering workers. She delves into the history of the work ethic, tracing it back to the 17th century, and highlights the differences between the conservative and progressive versions. According to Anderson, the progressive work ethic values workers' well-being, fair treatment, and respect, promoting a society where work is fulfilling and workers are adequately compensated. She argues for the importance of labor unions and collective bargaining in achieving this vision. Anderson also discusses the challenges posed by neoliberalism, which redistributes power and wealth from workers to capitalists, and calls for a revival of the progressive work ethic to address inequality and ensure a dignified life for all workers.
The Role of Social Democracy in Advancing the Progressive Work Ethic
Anderson explains the concept of social democracy and its culmination as the embodiment of the progressive work ethic. Social democracy aims to establish institutions that guarantee every individual a decent standard of living and promote social insurance. Sectoral bargaining, where workers in an industry negotiate collectively with employers, and co-determination, which grants workers representation in decision-making processes, serve as vital components of social democracy. Anderson highlights the benefits of these mechanisms in achieving labor peace and empowering workers in their workplaces. She emphasizes the need for the United States to adopt such policies to improve workers' lives and reduce inequality.
The Ideological Roots and Impact of Neoliberalism
Anderson critically examines neoliberalism as an ideology that perpetuates the conservative work ethic and reinforces power imbalances. She highlights its policies of lowering taxes for the wealthy, privatizing public services, and diminishing the welfare state's role. Neoliberalism has led to the concentration of wealth among the top few, increasing inequality and disempowering workers. Anderson argues that neoliberalism favors the interests of capitalists over workers, calling attention to the urgent need to challenge this ideology and its impacts on social and economic justice.
Building a Society of Equals through the Progressive Work Ethic
In the final chapter, Anderson proposes reviving the progressive work ethic as a means to establish a society of equals. She cites history as a valuable resource for developing alternative ideas and institutions that promote equality. Anderson acknowledges the need to reshape work in ways that prioritize fulfillment, dignity, and work-life balance while honoring workers' contributions. She stresses the importance of addressing challenges such as climate change, advocating for a full employment economy that harnesses the potential of labor. Anderson concludes by underscoring the imperative of eradicating biased attitudes and prejudices that hinder progress towards a society that treats all individuals with respect.
What is the work ethic? Does it justify policies that promote the wealth and power of the One Percent at workers' expense? Or does it advance policies that promote workers' dignity and standing?Hijacked: How Neoliberalism Turned the Work Ethic against Workers and How Workers Can Take It Back (Cambridge UP, 2023) explores how the history of political economy has been a contest between these two ideas about whom the work ethic is supposed to serve. Today's neoliberal ideology deploys the work ethic on behalf of the One Percent. However, workers and their advocates have long used the work ethic on behalf of ordinary people. By exposing the ideological roots of contemporary neoliberalism as a perversion of the seventeenth-century Protestant work ethic, Elizabeth Anderson shows how we can reclaim the original goals of the work ethic, and uplift ourselves again. Hijacked persuasively and powerfully demonstrates how ideas inspired by the work ethic informed debates among leading political economists of the past, and how these ideas can help us today.
Elizabeth Anderson is the Max Mendel Shaye Professor of Public Philosophy, Politics, and Economics at University of Michigan. She is the author of Value in Ethics and Economics (1995), The Imperative of Integration (2010), and Private Government: How Employers Rule Our Lives (and Why We Don't Talk about It) (2017). She is a MacArthur Fellow and Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2019, The New Yorker described her as 'a champion of the view that equality and freedom are mutually dependent [...] Anderson may be the philosopher best suited to this awkward moment in American life.'