A debate on whether Ukraine should receive Russia's frozen assets after the invasion. Arguments for and against the proposal are discussed, including legal, historical, and geo-strategic perspectives. The chapter explores the debate on Ukraine using the assets for reconstruction or as leverage in negotiations. Comparisons are drawn between these frozen assets and reparations after World War II, discussing legal challenges and the need for cooperation. The legal and ethical complexities surrounding the seizure of assets from Russian oligarchs are also explored. The speakers express disagreements on tactics while acknowledging the importance of civil debate.
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Quick takeaways
Using Russia's frozen assets to fund Ukraine's reconstruction sends a strong signal against aggression and is not unprecedented.
Seizing Russia's frozen assets could undermine the multilateral trading system and the dominance of the U.S. dollar.
Deep dives
The Importance of Funding Ukraine's Reconstruction
Larry Summers argues that Ukraine needs substantial resources to reconstruct its economy and that Russia, as the aggressor, has a moral responsibility to compensate Ukraine. He believes that using Russia's frozen assets is the most viable way to fund Ukraine's reconstruction needs, which are estimated to be over $100 billion. Summers emphasizes that the use of these assets would send a strong signal against aggression and would not set an unprecedented financial precedent. He counters the concerns about the legality of seizing the assets by highlighting legal justifications and support from legal experts.
The Effectiveness of Seizing Russian Assets
Ben Steele opposes the outright seizure of Russia's frozen assets, focusing on the effectiveness of such a strategy. He argues that while there is agreement on the ethics of seizing the assets, it may not be legally justifiable under sovereign immunity and international law. Steele raises concerns about potential consequences, such as other countries seizing U.S. assets and de-dollarization of trade, which could undermine the multilateral trading system. He also contends that seizing assets could hinder the reconstruction effort in Ukraine without tacit cooperation from Russia, making regime change necessary for a comprehensive settlement.
The Legal and Political Challenges
The debate over Russia's frozen assets raises legal questions and challenges. Larry Summers highlights legal authorities who argue that the seizure is legal and addresses concerns about sanctions and the legality of freezing assets. Ben Steele emphasizes the need for ongoing dialogue with Russia and warns of the potential breakdown of the international financial system if a mass seizure were to occur. He argues that such a seizure would undermine the rule of law and U.S. influence, affecting financial statecraft and the dominance of the U.S. dollar. The discussion also touches upon proposed legislation and the role of Congress in authorizing or signaling the seriousness of asset seizures.
Differing Perspectives on Ukraine's Future and Diplomacy with Russia
Larry Summers and Ben Steele differ in their perspectives on Ukraine's future and diplomacy with Russia. Summers contends that Ukraine deserves support as it resists Russian aggression, while Steele emphasizes the need for regime change in Russia for a lasting peace and cooperation. They discuss the importance of tacit cooperation from Russia in the reconstruction efforts and the implications for Ukraine's potential Euro-Atlantic integration. The debate addresses broader questions about U.S. and Western geostrategic aims and the balance between punitive measures and positive regime change. Both speakers express their concerns about the future of Ukraine and the potential implications for the international order.
After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, economic sanctions led to frozen Russian assets abroad inaccessible and could be relocated to Ukraine. Those arguing yes say it would serve as restitution for Russia’s aggression and compensate for damages and economic disruptions. Those arguing no say relocating the frozen assets could set a concerning precedent, leading to escalated tensions and retaliatory actions. Now we debate: Should Ukraine Get Russia’s Frozen Assets?
Arguing Yes: Lawrence H. Summers, Former Secretary of the Treasury
Arguing No: Benn Steil, Senior Fellow and Director of International Economics at the Council on Foreign Relations
Gillian Tett, Editorial Board Chair and Editor-at-Large US of the Financial Times and Incoming Provost at King’s College Cambridge, guest moderates.