Highlights: #202 – Venki Ramakrishnan on the cutting edge of anti-ageing science
Oct 4, 2024
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Venki Ramakrishnan, a Nobel Prize-winning molecular biologist and author of 'Why We Die', takes a deep dive into anti-aging science. He challenges the idea of death as an unavoidable aspect of evolution, suggesting that future research could significantly extend healthspan. The discussion touches on the potential social implications of life extension, including rising inequality. Ramakrishnan also examines controversial practices like young blood transfusions and the ethical dilemmas surrounding these radical methods.
Aging research focuses on enhancing healthspan through advancements like targeting nutrient sensing pathways and eliminating senescent cells.
Increased longevity poses societal challenges, necessitating adjustments to workforce dynamics and addressing potential inequality among different age groups.
Deep dives
Evolution and Aging
Death is viewed as a result of evolutionary processes, with no inherent programming for mortality. Organisms are optimized for reproductive fitness rather than longevity, leading to different life spans across species. For example, smaller animals like mice typically have shorter lives due to higher predation risks, while larger animals benefit from a longer lifespan, enhancing their reproductive opportunities. The relationship between size and longevity illustrates the varying evolutionary pressures that shape different species' lifespans.
Future of Aging Research
Aging research holds promise for improving the quality of life in older age rather than necessarily extending lifespan significantly. Potential advancements may involve targeting nutrient sensing pathways and eliminating senescent cells to enhance health span, potentially allowing more individuals to live into their 90s. However, the extent of these developments is uncertain, with existing limitations like brain aging presenting significant challenges. While the enhanced health span is expected, it may not lead to a dramatic increase in lifespan but rather postpone the onset of age-related health issues.
Societal Implications of Increased Longevity
An increase in longevity raises important societal considerations, including the balance of younger and older populations and the impact on the workforce. As fertility rates decline, a larger fraction of society will consist of older individuals, necessitating their well-being to prevent a heavy burden on younger generations. The potential shift in retirement expectations may require adjustments to career paths and generational fairness. Societal adaptations are essential to ensure that increased longevity does not exacerbate inequality and maintains a sustainable economic structure.
This is a selection of highlights from episode #202 of The 80,000 Hours Podcast. These aren't necessarily the most important, or even most entertaining parts of the interview — and if you enjoy this, we strongly recommend checking out the full episode: