Dive into the intriguing world of natural theology, where philosophical reason meets the divine! Explore C.S. Lewis's two-step apologetical approach and discover the recent resurgence in Christian thought. Engage with compelling arguments for God's existence, including insights from thinkers like Plantinga and Swinburne. Delve into the critique of Karl Barth's influence on theology and reflect on the moral implications of belief. Plus, uncover the collaborative efforts behind groundbreaking scholarship in this area!
Natural theology seeks rational justification for belief in God's existence, bridging secular understanding with theism without relying solely on Scripture.
Recent interest in natural theology is driven by contemporary philosophers like Richard Swinburne and Alvin Plantinga, countering historical skepticism against God's existence.
Deep dives
C.S. Lewis and the Two-Step Apologetical Method
A prominent apologetical approach involves establishing common ground with secular individuals who may not recognize the authority of Scripture. This method, often attributed to C.S. Lewis, entails first affirming the existence of a good God as creator and then transitioning to the God of the Bible through various sources, including Christian philosophy. This classic apologetic framework has historical roots in the works of figures like Thomas Aquinas and William Paley. It highlights the essence of natural theology, which seeks rational justification for belief in God's existence without relying solely on divine revelation.
Resurgence of Natural Theology
Natural theology has experienced fluctuations in its reputation within the church, influenced by theological movements like dialectical theology, which dismisses rational discourse as foundational to faith. Philosophers David Hume and Immanuel Kant have cast long shadows over German theology, contributing to skepticism about the viability of arguments for God's existence. However, in recent years, there has been a notable resurgence of interest in natural theology, particularly in Anglophone countries, fueled by advancements in Christian philosophy. This revival includes contemporary figures like Richard Swinburne and Alvin Plantinga, who have brought renewed attention to various arguments supporting theism.
Diverse Approaches to Natural Theology
Different philosophical perspectives emerge within the discussion of natural theology, including arguments from conscience, as proposed by Paul Moser, which connect morality to a perfect moral agent. Alistair McGrath further nuances natural theology by emphasizing a spectrum of approaches that consider both reasons independent of revelation and unique theistic insights. Approaches like the abductive reasoning help articulate why theism may better account for moral values and duties compared to naturalism. Nevertheless, criticisms against natural theology persist, particularly from proponents of Karl Barth, who argue against any analogy of being between God and humanity, presenting significant challenges to traditional understandings of natural theology.