SIO378: A Not Conspiracy Theory About Conspiracy Theories
Aug 17, 2023
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Psychology professor discusses the psychology behind conspiracy theories, including QAnon. They explore the prevalence of conspiracy theories and the impact of David Ike's books. The hosts discuss the characteristics of conspiracy theories and their similarities to religious beliefs. They also examine techniques used in conspiracy theories and their connection to religious proselytization. The podcast explores the phenomenon of COVID-19 conspiracy theories and how they spread through anchoring unfamiliar events to something familiar.
Conspiracy theories are memorable because they combine familiar elements with surprising twists.
Conspiracy theories appeal to conflicts, providing a sense of engagement and reducing anxiety through ritualization.
Anomaly hunting and social reinforcement contribute to the spread and persistence of conspiracy theories, creating a sense of community and validation.
Deep dives
Sticky Ideas: Why Conspiracy Theories Are Memorable
The main reason conspiracy theories are so memorable is because they are minimally counterintuitive. This means that they start with something that isn't too bizarre, but then take a small leap that captures people's attention. For example, the conspiracy theory about fluoride in the water begins with the fact that sometimes public drinking water is not properly tested and can be harmful. From there, the conspiracy theory adds the idea that there is intentionally too much fluoride in the water. This combination of a starting point that is relatable and a surprising twist makes the conspiracy theory memorable. This concept of minimally counterintuitive ideas also applies to religious stories, which often start with something familiar and then introduce a supernatural or unexpected element. The appeal of minimally counterintuitive ideas lies in the fact that they are easier to remember and stand out in people's minds.
Conflict and Rituals: The Pull of Conspiracy Theories
One of the reasons conspiracy theories can be so persuasive is because they frame conflicts rather than relying on shared values. Conflict-based narratives appeal to our natural inclination to categorize events and groups as good versus evil. People find conflicts interesting and engaging, which makes conspiracy theories that focus on conflicts more captivating and harder to refute. Additionally, conspiracy theories can provide a sense of belonging and reduce anxiety through ritualization. Sharing conspiracy theories and engaging in rituals associated with them allows individuals to manage their anxiety by finding a sense of control and commonality. This ritualization parallels the ritual practices found in religion, as both rituals provide comfort, reinforce in-group identity, and help individuals make sense of their world.
Anomaly Hunting and Social Reinforcement
An important aspect of conspiracy theories is the process of anomaly hunting, which involves searching for evidence that supports the theory. By engaging in anomaly hunting, individuals feel a sense of expertise and empowerment, as they believe they are uncovering hidden truths and exposing the conspiracy. This process is similar to the way people reconstruct expert knowledge in various fields. Additionally, spreading conspiracy theories can provide a sense of community and social reinforcement. Individuals find comfort and validation when others respond positively to their beliefs. This reinforces group identity and tribal thinking, further strengthening the spread and persistence of conspiracy theories.
The Role of Rituals in Anxiety Reduction
Rituals associated with conspiracy theories serve an important function in reducing anxiety. Sharing conspiracy theories and participating in the rituals of their community provide individuals with a sense of control and certainty in an uncertain world. Rituals help manage anxiety by providing structure, predictable responses, and a shared sense of purpose. These rituals parallel religious practices, where individuals engage in specific prayers, chants, or ceremonies to connect with their beliefs and reduce anxiety. The ritualized nature of conspiracy theories acts as a coping mechanism, allowing individuals to navigate feelings of fear and uncertainty.
Characteristics of Sticky Conspiracy Theories
Conspiracy theories are sticky because they are minimally counterintuitive, surprising but not too bizarre. They provide a sense of ritual that relieves anxiety and keeps people coming back for more. Conspiracy theories framed as conflicts are particularly sticky since people are naturally drawn to conflicts. They spread through the process of anchoring and objectification, where unfamiliar ideas are anchored in familiar concepts and made more concrete. Conspiracy theories also spread because they democratize knowledge, breaking down expert knowledge and making it accessible. The most dangerous aspect of conspiracy theories is their ability to lead to action. When conspiracy theories present a credible and salient claim, they point to something specific that people can act upon, generating real-world consequences.
Approaching Conspiracy Theories as Quasi-Religious Beliefs
Approaching conspiracy theories with logical arguments or facts is unlikely to change someone's beliefs, just as with religious beliefs. Conspiracy theories and religion share a quasi-religious type of thinking that is resistant to logical persuasion. Instead, understanding and engaging with conspiracy theorists requires compassion and open communication. While trying to prevent dangerous actions, it is essential to approach conspiracy theories with compassion and a willingness to engage in dialogue. However, deconverting someone from a conspiracy theory is a long-term process that requires patience and persistence. Showing compassion and being open to discussion may be helpful in slowly challenging and potentially changing conspiracy beliefs over time.
Psychology professor Dr. Ashley Scolaro is back! This time she's giving us a primer on the psychological theories about conspiracy theories. I think this will be the beginning of a series on this, since it might be the most important issue of our time. A whole lot of people right now believe a whole lot of really stupid things that are disconnected from reality. So, let's try to understand why, and to start the process of figuring out how to deprogram people. Should be super easy, simple, done in like 10 minutes. Are you an expert in something and want to be on the show? Apply here! Please please pretty please support the show on patreon! You get ad free episodes, early episodes, and other bonus content!
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