Five Fingers Crush The Land from NPR's Throughline
Dec 19, 2024
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Sean Roberts, a renowned professor at George Washington University and author on Uyghur issues, joins Rob Schmitz, an NPR reporter with extensive coverage of the Uyghur crisis. They delve into the rich cultural identity of the Uyghur people, discussing their traditions, music, and the oppressive challenges they face in China. The conversation highlights the impact of the 9/11 attacks on China's policies, the harsh realities of detention camps, and the resilience of the Uyghur community amid efforts to erase their existence.
The Uyghur people maintain their rich cultural heritage despite systemic oppression, emphasizing traditions and resilience against forced assimilation efforts.
The Chinese Communist Party's aggressive campaigns against the Uyghurs, framed under a counterterrorism narrative, have led to severe human rights abuses and cultural genocide.
Deep dives
The Uyghur Identity and Cultural Heritage
The Uyghur people, a Turkic-speaking and predominantly Muslim minority in China's Xinjiang region, have a rich cultural heritage characterized by traditions, music, and festivals, such as the Mashrap. This annual harvest festival symbolizes the community's resilience in preserving their identity despite ongoing pressure to assimilate. Activists like Abduvali Ayyub emphasize the importance of cultural continuity, viewing knowledge and tradition as vital to the Uyghur identity. Despite facing oppression, the Uyghurs have historically maintained their customs, language, and cultural practices, even during periods of significant repression.
Historical Context of Uyghur Oppression
The suppression of the Uyghur people traces back to the rise of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), particularly during events like the Cultural Revolution, which led to cultural devastation in the region. The implementation of aggressive campaigns seeking to eradicate Uyghur identity involved the destruction of mosques, censorship of Uyghur literature, and persecution of religious figures. Following the Tiananmen Square protests, the CCP adopted a more security-centric approach to Xinjiang, viewing cultural expression as a threat. Subsequent years marked a series of intensified crackdowns, positioning the Uyghurs as targets for systemic oppression under the guise of counterterrorism.
Impact of September 11 on Uyghurs
The events of September 11, 2001, significantly altered the CCP's perception of the Uyghur people, framing them within a counterterrorism narrative that justified heightened repression. In response to global fears about terrorism, the Chinese government began to label Uyghurs engaged in cultural expressions as potential extremists, stigmatizing their identity in the eyes of the public. This led to widespread surveillance and government actions to suppress Uyghur culture, including the instatement of policies against perceived ideological separatism. As a result, many Uyghurs found themselves on the receiving end of severe state repression, exacerbating existing tensions between Han Chinese and Uyghur communities.
Modern-Day Repression and Its Consequences
Reports indicate that hundreds of thousands of Uyghurs are detained in so-called re-education camps, where they face torture and other human rights abuses in an effort to erase their cultural identity. The CCP has framed these centers as vocational training facilities, presenting a sanitized version of the reality that many detainees endure severe physical and psychological trauma. The former practices of cultural expression, education, and traditional celebrations have been outlawed, contributing to what many activists and scholars describe as cultural genocide. The international community has begun to recognize these actions, leading to sanctions against Chinese officials and calls for accountability over the treatment of the Uyghurs.
As NPR correspondent Emily Feng reported in our three-part series "The Black Gate," hundreds of thousands of Uyghur people have been detained in China. They've been subjected to torture, forced labor, religious restrictions, and even forced sterilization. In this episode from 2021, our colleagues at the history podcast Throughline explore who the Uyghur people are, their land, their customs, their music and how they've become such a target in China today. To listen to this series sponsor-free and support NPR, sign up for Embedded+ in Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org.