Learn about the life of Lao Tzu and his Tao Te Ching in this episode on Chinese philosophy. Discover Daoist concept Wu Wei, explore the art of quiescence, and dive into the teachings of early interpreter Wang Bi.
Laozi authored the foundational Taoist text Tao Te Ching, advocating for natural living and simplicity.
Taoism promotes Wu Wei, emphasizing inaction and harmonious alignment with the natural order.
Deep dives
Understanding Lao Zhe and the Origins of Taoism
Lao Zhe, considered one of the pre-Confucian philosophers, is attributed with the Tao De Jing, a foundational text of Taoism. Historically, little is known about Lao Zhe, with debates on whether he was a single individual or a composite of several wise figures. Lao Zhe advocated for a return to nature and simplicity, rejecting societal norms and emphasizing living harmoniously with nature. His teachings laid the groundwork for early Taoism.
Exploring the Core Tenets of Taoism
Taoism, as a philosophy, focuses on the concept of 'Dao,' meaning 'the way,' advocating for quiet contemplation and natural living over intellectual pursuits. Taoists rejected the Confucian emphasis on education and rules, instead valuing simplicity, spontaneity, and harmony with nature. Practicing 'Wu Wei,' or inaction in action, aligns individuals with the natural order without forceful interference.
Distinguishing Taoism from Confucianism and Legalism
Taoism diverges from Confucianism and Legalism by valuing simplicity, detachment, and natural harmony. While Confucianists emphasized societal order and education, Taoists believed in the innate goodness of individuals and the avoidance of artificial rules. Daoist thought centered on returning to a primal state, free from the trappings of society, promoting quiet contemplation and alignment with nature.
We've already heard about Confucianism, The Hundred Schools, and the Yi Jing. In this episode, we look at Daoism. The life of Lao Tzu (Laozi) will be introduced along with the book he probably never wrote but which is ascribed to him anyway. This is the Tao Te Ching or Dao De Jing. Laozi was quite a character and by telling his story, it will give you the fundamentals to explore on your own what this philosophic thought is all about. We'll look at the Daoist concept of Wu Wei 无为 and the art of quiescence. We'll close with one of the earliest and greatest interpreters of the Daodejing, Wang Bi. In the History of Chinese Philosophy Part 13, we'll start looking at Zhuangzi and his classic book.