What percentage of digital ad impressions and clicks do you think is actually the work of non-human bots? Pick a number. Now double it. Double it again. You’re getting close. A recent study by Pixalate found that 19 percent of traffic from programmatic ads in the U.S. is fraudulent. David Raab from the CDP Institute found this number to be "optimistic." Ad fraud historian Dr. Augustine Fou, our guest on this show, has compelling evidence that the actual number could easily be north of 50 percent. Why? Who benefits? Why is it hard to tamp out? Is it illegal (it isn’t!)? We explore these topics and more on this episode! For complete show notes, including links to items mentioned in this episode and a transcript of the show, visit the show page.