Exploring the costs of economic growth like environmental damage, health issues, and inequality. Differing perspectives on growth and well-being. The importance of technology in conserving the planet. The political risk cost and foregone innovation of the de-growth movement. Challenging the idea of economic growth costing too much. Expressing gratitude and signing off.
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Quick takeaways
Economist Peter Victor argues that economic growth comes at a high cost to the environment and advocates for limits on resource extraction and waste generation.
Catherine Mang Guidawar asserts that economic growth has led to significant improvements in human well-being, facilitates innovation, and emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and choice.
The pricing of externalities, such as carbon emissions, is proposed as a solution to address the negative impacts of growth, but Peter Victor warns that deliberate constraints on human activities are needed to prevent further environmental degradation.
Deep dives
The Costs of Economic Growth
Economist Peter Victor argues that economic growth comes at a high cost to the environment, contributing to global issues such as climate change and species loss. He emphasizes that measuring growth through GDP is an unreliable indicator of well-being and that focusing on improving education, health, and other aspects of human well-being is more important than pursuing endless growth. Victor advocates for limits on resource extraction and waste generation to protect the planet and create a sustainable future.
The Benefits of Economic Growth
Contrary to Victor's views, Catherine Mang Guidawar asserts that economic growth has led to significant improvements in human well-being, such as poverty reduction, increased life expectancy, and advancements in rights and democracy. She argues that growth facilitates innovation, allowing societies to address pressing challenges and improve living standards. Mang Guidawar emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and choice that comes with economic growth, stating that suppressing growth could hinder future progress and prosperity.
The Role of Government in Pricing Externalities
Peter Koi raises the question of pricing externalities to address the negative impacts of growth, particularly environmental damage. He suggests that the government can play a crucial role in market-based solutions, such as imposing a price on carbon emissions. While Victor acknowledges the value of pricing externalities, he cautions that this approach is not enough to tackle the wide-ranging complexities and challenges associated with growth. He emphasizes the need for deliberate constraints on human activities to prevent further environmental degradation.
The Uncertainty of the Future and Technological Progress
Alison Schrager highlights the uncertainty of predicting the future and the potential for technological progress to address future challenges. She questions the feasibility of de-growth and expresses concerns about the potential risks and unintended consequences associated with suppressing economic growth. Mang Guidawar echoes these concerns, emphasizing that gains in prosperity and the ability to address future difficulties require ongoing innovation and resources, which economic growth fosters.
The Tower of Babel Metaphor and Future Potential
Greg Rob discusses the need to bridge the gap between the present world and the envisioned future, seeking recommendations for economists and thinkers on this topic. Victor suggests exploring the ideas of Herman Daly, who advocates for a steady state economy with a balanced relationship between the economy and natural systems. However, Mang Guidawar emphasizes the importance of human ingenuity, innovation, and progress, comparing it to the tower of Babel story, where human collaboration and curiosity have led to remarkable advancements. She expresses optimism about the potential for technology and human creativity to overcome future challenges.
Economic growth is a central goal of many economies, but there are questions about how sustainable relentless growth is. Those arguing “yes” say the right measurements aren’t being used for societal well-being and how much it costs the environment, and call for a new economic model for more equitable and sustainable futures. Those arguing “no” say growth drives today’s prosperity, brings public good, and fuels advancements. Now we debate: Does Economic Growth Cost Too Much?
Arguing Yes: Peter Victor, Environmental Studies Professor Emeritus and Senior Scholar at York University
Arguing No: Katherine Mangu-Ward, Editor-in-Chief at Reason
Emmy award-winning journalist John Donvan moderates