Avian flu is evolving but what risk does it pose to us?
May 16, 2024
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David Aaronovitch and experts delve into the spread of avian flu H5N1 to cows in the US, discussing risks, mutation pathways to humans, pandemic potential, surveillance in cattle, and the search for Scorpion in a smuggling gang.
Avian flu viruses like H5N1 mutate to adapt to new hosts, increasing virulence.
H5N1 originated in Chinese poultry markets, spreading to mammals via genetic mutations.
Deep dives
Origins and Evolution of Avian Flu Virus H5N1
Avian flu viruses like H5N1, which have origins in bird populations, adapt to different hosts including mammals through mutations. These mutations enable the virus to be more virulent in the new hosts. The segmented nature of flu viruses allows for mixing of genetic material, potentially leading to new variants better suited for mammalian hosts.
History and Impact of Highly Pathogenic Bird Flu H5N1
H5N1, characterized by high pathogenicity in birds, originated in Chinese poultry markets in the late 1990s. Mutations in its genetic material allowed it to jump to other mammals like foxes and otters, causing fatalities. The virus spreads through wild bird-mammal interactions and has led to significant bird deaths in outbreaks.
Detection and Spread of Avian Flu in American Cattle
The recent detection of H5N1 in American cattle highlights the potential for interspecies transmission. The virus likely entered cows through contact with infected wild birds. Spread between cows is possibly facilitated through shared milking equipment, impacting dairy farms across multiple states. The challenges in surveillance and detection underscore the need for better monitoring to prevent wider outbreaks.
The H5N1 strain of avian flu isn't new. It was discovered in China in 1996. But in recent years it's started passing from mammal to mammal and it's now rife on cattle farms in the United States. How much should humans worry?
David Aaronovitch speaks to:
Professor Wendy Barclay, action medical research chair in virology at Imperial College London
Kai Kupferschmidt, science journalist and molecular biologist
Dr Caitlin Rivers, epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.
Professor Ian Brown, avian virology group at The Pirbright Institute
Production team: Sally Abrahams, Kirsteen Knight and Ben Carter
Editors: Richard Vadon and Emma Rippon
Production Co-ordinator: Gemma Ashman
Sound engineers: Rod Farquhar
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