Don Chamberlin, Co-Inventor of SQL, discusses the origins and evolution of SQL, highlighting the democratization of data access and the challenges faced in its development. The episode explores the creation of relational databases and the impact of SQL on modern data practices, including its standardization and influence on programming languages.
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Quick takeaways
SQL was born from the relational model critique in 1970, leading to System R's groundbreaking development.
SQL's commercialization saw Oracle's initial dominance followed by IBM's late entry, shaping the SQL industry landscape.
Deep dives
From the Birth of SQL to System R: A Historical Reflection
The episode traces the evolution of SQL, spotlighting its inception alongside the System R project. SQL originated from Ted's relational model critique, advocating for a high-level, non-procedural language in June 1970. Despite initial skepticism due to complex jargon, the simplicity and power of Ted's relational approach became evident. This led to a shift towards relational query languages, propelling System R as an IBM research effort to develop the first industrial-grade relational system in 1973.
SQL's Commercial Path: Oracle & IBM Competition
Following System R, SQL's commercialization unfolded through Oracle's strategic move of offering a SQL product called Oracle on less costly hardware platforms in 1979. Subsequently, IBM released SQL on its smaller computers by 1981. The episode details the competition between Oracle and IBM, highlighting Oracle's early market dominance and IBM's eventual SQL product introduction in 1983, marking a pivotal moment in the SQL industry.
Standardization Efforts and Open-Source Emergence
Standardization initiatives, notably by ANSI and NIST, propelled SQL's growth and accessibility, yielding defined language specifications and validation services. Moreover, the emergence of open-source SQL implementations like MySQL, Postgres, and SQLite in the 1990s revolutionized data management. These systems offered reliability, performance, and community support, cementing SQL's relevance and adaptability in modern applications.
Future Potentials: NoSQL & SQL++ Innovation
The podcast delves into emerging trends in database management, focusing on the NoSQL movement's scalability-driven solutions that augment traditional relational databases. Additionally, the introduction of SQL++ as a schema-optional, JSON-centric language presents a promising evolution of SQL's capabilities. By accommodating modern data requirements and maintaining compatibility with legacy SQL structures, SQL++ represents a notable advancement in query language development.
Over the past 199 episodes of DataFramed, we’ve heard from people at the forefront of data and AI, and over the past year we’ve constantly looked ahead to the future AI might bring. But all of the technologies and ways of working we’ve witnessed have been built on foundations that were laid decades ago. For our 200th episode, we’re bringing you a special guest and taking a walk down memory lane—to the creation and development of one of the most popular programming languages in the world.
Don Chamberlin is renowned as the co-inventor of SQL (Structured Query Language), the predominant database language globally, which he developed with Raymond Boyce in the mid-1970s. Chamberlin's professional career began at IBM Research in Yorktown Heights, New York, following a summer internship there during his academic years. His work on IBM's System R project led to the first SQL implementation and significantly advanced IBM’s relational database technology. His contributions were recognized when he was made an IBM Fellow in 2003 and later a Fellow of the Computer History Museum in 2009 for his pioneering work on SQL and database architectures. Chamberlin also contributed to the development of XQuery, an XML query language, as part of the W3C, which became a W3C Recommendation in January 2007. Additionally, he holds fellowships with ACM and IEEE and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering.
In the episode, Richie and Don explore his early career at IBM and the development of his interest in databases alongside Ray Boyce, the database task group (DBTG), the transition to relational databases and the early development of SQL, the commercialization and adoption of SQL, how it became standardized, how it evolved and spread via open source, the future of SQL through NoSQL and SQL++ and much more.