Michelle Dawson, an influential researcher and an autistic woman, discusses the atypical information processing in autism. She explores cognitive versatility, strengths like hyperlexia, and challenges misconceptions. She highlights biases, the harm of diagnosis, and the importance of human rights. The controversy of hiring and segregation is examined. Overall, she emphasizes the need for understanding, science, and ethics in autism.
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Quick takeaways
Autism is characterized by atypical brain functioning, resulting in the processing of more information across domains and modalities without losing or editing large parts of it.
There is a bias to underrate atypical forms of intelligence, such as the exceptional skills and traits exhibited by autistic individuals, and these strengths should be valued and recognized as a diverse and valuable form of human cognition.
Deep dives
Understanding Autism: Information Processing Differences
Autism is characterized by atypical brain functioning resulting in atypical processing of all information. Autistic individuals process more information across domains and modalities without losing or editing large parts of it. This cognitive versatility allows them to consider more possibilities and non-strategically combine information across levels and scales. Autistic brains do not necessarily require the same cognitive editing and hierarchical processing as neurotypical brains. For example, some autistic individuals exhibit hyperlexia, showing early and spontaneous interest in printed materials and an ability to work out complex orthographies like English. Autistics can process more information but vary in the kinds, quantities, and arrangements of information they process well.
Autism and Personality
There is little evidence to suggest a strong connection between autism and personality traits. Autism is orthogonal to personality, meaning they are not closely related. Some studies suggest a weak connection, but overall the evidence linking autism to specific personality traits is limited. Autistic individuals may exhibit high variance in personality, but this does not stem from a direct link between autism and personality. Autistics have diverse characteristics and should not be reduced to stereotypes based on their diagnosis.
Bias in Evaluating Atypical Intelligence
There is a bias to underrate atypical forms of intelligence, observed in areas such as animal intelligence, individuals with Down syndrome, and autistic individuals. This bias may stem from a tendency to focus on typical forms of intelligence and overlook the unique abilities and traits exhibited by atypical individuals. Autistic individuals often display exceptional skills and talents when given the opportunity. However, it is important to recognize and appreciate these strengths rather than dismissing them or focusing solely on deficits. Atypical intelligence should be valued and recognized as a diverse and valuable form of human cognition.
Autism, Intelligence, and Information Processing
Autistic individuals tend to perform better on tasks that measure fluid intelligence, such as Raven's Progressive Matrices, compared to more comprehensive IQ tests that encompass various specific abilities. This discrepancy suggests that autistics' information processing is unique and less reliant on traditional hierarchical structures. Autistic individuals exhibit cognitive versatility and the ability to process information in non-mandatory ways. Their strengths in tasks like chord disembedding indicate that their perception and processing of information aligns with their atypical cognitive abilities. Furthermore, the genetic factors leading to autistic cognition are still being studied, cautioning against oversimplifications when discussing autism's genetic origins.
Perhaps no one else in the world more appreciates the challenges facing a better understanding of autism than Michelle Dawson. An autistic herself, she began researching her condition after experiencing discrimination at her job. "Because I had to address these legal issues and questions," she tells Tyler, "I did actually look at the autism literature, and suddenly I had information I could really work with. Suddenly there it was, this information that I was supposed to be too stupid to work with." And so she continued reading papers - lots and lots of papers - and is now an influential researcher in her own right.
For Michelle, the best way to understand autism is to think of it as atypical information processing. Autistic brains function differently, and these highly varied divergences lead to biases and misunderstanding among typical thinkers, including autism researchers.
In her conversation with Tyler, she outlines the current thinking on autism, including her ideas about cognitive versatility and optionality, hyperlexia and other autistic strengths, why different tests yield wildly different measures of IQ among autistics, her 'massive bias' against segregating autistics, how autistic memory is different, why sometimes a triangle is just a freaking triangle, and more.