In *Time and Chance*, David Albert delves into the fundamental tension between scientific theories and our everyday experience of time. He provides a systematic account of statistical regularities, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and the asymmetries in our access to past and future. The book also explores connections between the direction of time and quantum mechanics, making it accessible to both advanced scholars and interested high school students.
Published in 1957, 'An Economic Theory of Democracy' by Anthony Downs argues that economic theory can be applied to non-market political decision-making. The book develops an analytical model that follows the paradigms of economic theory and adopts an empirical, data-led approach. It introduces the concept of rational choice theory, where society is composed of rational actors pursuing self-interest. Downs' model explains how voters and politicians behave in democratic systems, including the tendency of two-party systems to exhibit ideological convergence and the role of information costs in political decision-making. The book also discusses the paradox of voting and the median voter theorem, which are central to understanding democratic politics[1][3][4].
In *The Cosmic Landscape*, Leonard Susskind delves into the complexities of modern physics, exploring the multiverse theory and the idea that our universe is just one of many. He discusses the anthropic principle, string theory, and the concept of a vast 'landscape' of possible universes, each with its own unique physical laws. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific and philosophical implications of these theories.
Published in 1943, 'The Fountainhead' by Ayn Rand tells the story of Howard Roark, a young and innovative architect who refuses to compromise his artistic vision despite the opposition from society. The novel explores themes of individualism, egoism, and the conflict between those who think for themselves (the 'first-handers') and those who follow the opinions of others (the 'second-handers'). It also delves into the lives of other characters such as Dominique Francon, Peter Keating, Ellsworth Toohey, and Gail Wynand, each representing different aspects of Rand's philosophical ideas. The book is a defense of egoism and individualism, presenting a radical rethinking of basic moral concepts and challenging conventional notions of selfishness and altruism[2][3][5].
In this book, Steven Pinker presents a detailed argument that violence has significantly decreased over the course of human history. He uses extensive data and statistical analysis to demonstrate this decline in various domains, including military conflict, homicide, genocide, torture, and the treatment of children, homosexuals, animals, and racial and ethnic minorities. Pinker identifies four key human motivations – empathy, self-control, the moral sense, and reason – as the 'better angels' that have oriented humans away from violence and towards cooperation and altruism. He also discusses historical forces such as the rise of the state (which he terms 'Leviathan'), the spread of commerce, the growth of feminist values, and the expansion of cosmopolitanism, which have contributed to this decline in violence[1][4][5].
In this book, Steven Pinker delves into the workings of the human mind, addressing questions such as why we are rational yet often irrational, how we perceive the world, and the origins of emotions, social interactions, and higher cognitive functions. Pinker synthesizes insights from cognitive science, evolutionary biology, and other fields to explain how the mind evolved to solve the problems faced by our ancestors. He discusses topics like vision, emotion, social behavior, and the mysteries of consciousness, arguing for a computational theory of mind and an adaptationist approach to evolution[2][3][5].
Michael Huemer is a professor of philosophy at the University of Colorado. He is the author of more than sixty academic articles in epistemology, ethics, metaethics, metaphysics, and political philosophy, as well as eight amazing books.
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Timestamps:
(0:00:00) - Intro
(0:01:07) - The Problem of Political Authority
(0:03:25) - Common sense ethics
(0:09:39) - Stockholm syndrome and the charisma of power
(0:18:14) - Moral progress
(0:26:55) - Growth of libertarian ideas
(0:33:37) - Does anarchy increase violence?
(0:44:37) - Transitioning to anarchy
(0:47:20) - Is Huemer attacking our society?!
(0:51:40) - Huemer's writing process
(0:53:18) - Is it okay to work for the government
(0:56:39) - Burkean argument against anarchy
(1:02:07) - The case for tyranny
(1:11:58) - Underrated/overrated
(1:25:55) - Huemer production function
(1:30:41) - Favorite books
(1:33:04) - Advice for young people
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