Episode 2272: Mark Lilla on why ignorance is bliss
Dec 14, 2024
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Mark Lilla, a prominent Professor of the Humanities at Columbia University and author of "Ignorance is Bliss," discusses the paradox of knowledge and ignorance. He argues that in navigating uncomfortable truths, we may prefer illusion over awareness. Delving into Plato's cave, Lilla examines blissful ignorance in politics, the moral implications of overeducation, and the role of psychoanalysis in self-discovery. He critiques the political landscape’s denial of reality and the dangers of ideologies that obscure genuine understanding, especially in today's AI-driven world.
Humans navigate a complex relationship with knowledge, often preferring ignorance to maintain mental well-being and reduce anxiety in difficult situations.
The balance between knowledge and ignorance is crucial in democracy, influencing public engagement while also posing risks of manipulation and elitism.
Deep dives
The Dual Nature of Knowledge
Humans possess a complex relationship with knowledge, characterized by a simultaneous desire to know and a desire not to know. While curiosity drives many to seek out information for practical or personal reasons, there are fundamental truths individuals often prefer to avoid, which can preserve their mental well-being. For instance, a soldier about to enter battle may be better off not knowing the odds of survival, as this ignorance can help maintain focus and reduce anxiety. This tension between the need for knowledge and the comfort found in ignorance reflects a deeper human condition, where avoiding certain truths serves a protective role.
Illusions and Self-Perception
Individuals engage in various behaviors to uphold a certain self-image, reflecting a conscious or unconscious desire to maintain illusions about themselves. Simple actions like sucking in one's stomach while passing a mirror exemplify how people actively create and uphold these illusions, illustrating a broader tendency to disguise less favorable truths. For instance, the idea of walking through life with transparent thoughts, as if illuminated by LED screens, would lead to social paralysis, revealing the discomfort that comes with total transparency. This need for selective self-ignorance is part of the careful maintenance of one's identity and social interactions.
Democracy and the Role of Ignorance
The interplay between ignorance and democracy raises important questions about the effectiveness and viability of governance in a society composed of informed individuals. While knowledge is essential for fostering an educated citizenry capable of making informed choices, the potential for widespread ignorance can simultaneously create a pathway for manipulation and tyranny. In a democratic society, the balance of knowledge and ignorance is pivotal; the presence of intellectual elites can guide public understanding, yet this can lead to resentment and elitism, prompting a backlash against informed leadership. The challenge lies in nurturing a populace that understands both its rights and responsibilities within a democratic framework.
Self-Knowledge and the Philosophical Journey
The quest for self-knowledge often mirrors the philosophical challenges faced by thinkers like Augustine, who grappled with the nature of truth and ignorance. His transformative experience of revelation emphasized the complexity of understanding oneself and confronting uncomfortable truths about one's nature. This journey necessitates a delicate balance, as complete awareness of one’s flaws and past could render one paralyzed by despair. Thus, the notion of a noble lie, whether about the self or society, highlights the intricate dance between the recognition of truth and the necessity of ignorance in navigating human existence.
For all the hysteria about misinformation and disinformation, maybe we prefer ignorance. That’s the intriguing thesis of the illustrious Columbia University intellectual historian, Mark Lilla, in his new book, Ignorance is Bliss. It all begins, of course, inside Plato’s cave in his Republic, that metaphorical preface to Western thought where we are subjected to illusionary shadows and delusional reflections. And, for Lilla at least, it may end in the America of late 2024, where many of us appear to relish being back in Plato’s cave, staring - sometimes even perhaps knowingly - at illusionary shadows and delusional reflections. So if ignorance is bliss, then what, exactly, is knowledge?
Mark Lilla is Professor of the Humanities at Columbia University and a frequent contributor to The New York Review of Books and other publications worldwide. His books include The Once and Future Liberal: After Identity Politics; The Shipwrecked Mind: On Political Reaction; The Stillborn God: Religion, Politics, and the Modern West; and The Reckless Mind: Intellectuals in Politics. He lives in New York City.
Named as one of the "100 most connected men" by GQ magazine, Andrew Keen is amongst the world's best known broadcasters and commentators. In addition to presenting KEEN ON, he is the host of the long-running How To Fix Democracy show. He is also the author of four prescient books about digital technology: CULT OF THE AMATEUR, DIGITAL VERTIGO, THE INTERNET IS NOT THE ANSWER and HOW TO FIX THE FUTURE. Andrew lives in San Francisco, is married to Cassandra Knight, Google's VP of Litigation & Discovery, and has two grown children.
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