The Take 2025 in Review: Can India and Pakistan avoid a fourth war over Kashmir?
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Dec 25, 2025 Charu Kasturi, a senior editor at Al Jazeera English with a focus on South Asia, delves into the growing tensions between India and Pakistan over Kashmir. She analyzes the recent spate of missile strikes and drone attacks, highlighting the shifting dynamics of warfare. Charu also discusses domestic pressures on Modi, the historical significance of Kashmir, and the delicate balance both countries must maintain to avoid full-scale conflict. She critiques media narratives, stressing the voices of Kashmiris often go unheard amidst the chaos.
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Largest Exchange Since 1971
- India and Pakistan entered the most dramatic exchange of fires since 1971, including missiles, drones and shelling.
- The escalation followed an April 22 attack in Indian-administered Kashmir and rapid retaliatory strikes labelled Operation Sindur by India.
Operation Name Carries Symbolic Message
- India named its retaliation Operation Sindur to signal revenge tied to the April 22 attack that targeted Hindu tourists.
- The name references vermilion, symbolically linking the operation to widowed Hindu women from that attack.
April 22 Attack Targeted Tourists
- Gunmen on April 22 separated men from women and targeted non-Muslim tourists, leaving many Hindu widows.
- The brutal nature of the attack motivated strong public calls for revenge in India.