Jacobin Radio
Dig: Thawra Ep. 14 - The Palestinian Revolution
Episode guests
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Quick takeaways
- The Palestinian Revolution post-1967 War led to armed mobilization and guerrilla resistance against Israel.
- Key leaders reshaped Middle Eastern geopolitics following Arab defeat in the 1967 war.
- Security Council Resolution 242 addressed the territories occupied in 1967, shaping regional conflicts.
- The formation of the PLO in 1964 pioneered Palestinian representation and coordination for liberation.
- Fatah's strategic shift towards armed resistance in 1965 catalyzed the Palestinian liberation movement.
- Post-1967, Palestinian guerrilla units in Arab states intensified armed resistance and mobilization efforts.
Deep dives
Historian Jean -Baptiste Fressee's Happy Apocalypse Dissects 18th and 19th Century Industrial Controversies
Jean -Baptiste Fressee's Happy Apocalypse delves into historical debates surrounding factories, machines, vaccines, and railways from the 18th and 19th centuries. The book explores how risk management facilitated industrialization, the invention of safety norms to secure capital, and the establishment of technological modernity.
Thawara Series Explores the Evolution of 20th -Century Arab Politics
The Thawara series, focusing on 20th -century Arab politics, traces the evolution of revolutions and radical movements across Arab lands for the past century. It delves into defining moments, such as the formation of the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1964, the Palestinian Revolution, and the Arab defeat in the June 1967 Six -Day War.
Arab Defeat in the June 1967 War Shapes Palestinian Revolution
The Arab defeat in the June 1967 war led to the Israeli conquest of territories like the Sinai, Golan Heights, Gaza, East Jerusalem, and the West Bank. This setback known as the Naksa fueled the Palestinian Revolution, prompting armed mobilization against the Zionist project and the establishment of guerrilla movements like Fatah.
Post -1967 War Impact on Fatah and Palestinian Guerrilla Organizations
The expansion of the Israeli occupation to the entirety of historic Palestine post -1967 war provided an opportunity for Fatah and Palestinian guerrilla organizations to fight Israel directly from under its rule. This period marked the initiation of armed resistance movements from within the occupied territories, leading to the second intifada and paving the way for the Palestinian Revolution.
Political Implications of 1967 War on Palestinian Mobilization
The aftermath of the 1967 war set the stage for increased Palestinian mobilization and aspirations for liberation. The loss of territories to Israel drove Fatah and other groups to organize military operations from surrounding areas, intensifying the call for a popular liberation war. The war's impact solidified the dream of a fully mobilized Palestinian population committed to revolutionary liberation and resistance against colonial oppression.
Arab Defeat in the Six -Day War: Impact on Nasser and Arab States
The Arab defeat in the June Six-Day War had a profound impact on key leaders like Nasser, who faced humiliation and internal pressure following the loss to Israel. The defeat also reshaped the balance of power between Israel and Arab states, leading to a shift in focus towards the Palestinian territories occupied in 1967. The war marked a critical turning point in Middle Eastern geopolitics and resistance movements.
Implications of 1967 War on International Resolution and Regional Dynamics
The 1967 war led to a critical shift in international resolutions, particularly through Security Council Resolution 242, which addressed the territories occupied in 1967. This resolution highlighted the importance of addressing the post-war balance of power between Israel and Arab states and set the stage for ongoing regional conflicts and negotiations over sovereignty and liberation movements.
Founding of the PLO and Palestinian National Council: Political Context and Palestinian Representation
The establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the Palestinian National Council in 1964 marked a crucial milestone in Palestinian representation and mobilization. Led by figures like Ahmad Shukheri, the PLO's formation navigated a complex political landscape, coordinating with Arab states to create a unified voice for Palestinian liberation and sovereignty in international arenas.
Fatah's Evolution from Foundation to Armed Operations
Fatah's trajectory from its foundation in 1959 to launching armed operations in 1965 reflected a strategic shift towards initiating armed resistance against Israeli occupation. The organization, under leaders like Yasser Arafat, navigated challenges and opportunities, including collaborating with regional allies like Algeria and Syria to establish bases for guerrilla operations and resistance.
Formation of Popular Liberation Armies and Palestinian Guerrilla Units Post-1967
The aftermath of the 1967 war saw the formation of popular liberation armies in Arab states like Jordan, Syria, and Egypt, fostering support for Palestinian guerrilla units and mobilization efforts. The creation of clandestine cells and guerrilla operations aimed at confronting Israeli occupation and advancing the Palestinian liberation struggle gained momentum across the region.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Palestinian Revolutionary Mobilization Post-1967
The post-1967 period witnessed a mix of strengths and weaknesses in Palestinian revolutionary mobilization. While setbacks like suppression of early operations in the West Bank hindered progress, the emergence of new guerrilla units and strategic alliances with Arab states bolstered armed resistance and aspirations for full Palestinian liberation and self-determination.
Political, Military, and Social Implications of June 1967 Arab Defeat
The June 1967 Arab defeat had far-reaching repercussions in political, military, and social spheres, reshaping regional dynamics and resistance movements. The aftermath of the war spurred intense mobilization efforts, galvanizing Arab states, groups like Fatah, and Palestinian populations towards armed struggle, nationalist movements, and the vision of a united front against colonial oppression.
Formation of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
After 1967, every major Palestinian ideological movement embraced armed struggle. The emergence of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, PFLP, marked a shift towards Marxist ideology. Combining disparate guerrilla organizations, including Heroes of the Return, PFLP aimed for armed resistance. Influenced by Third World leftist movements post-67 war, PFLP challenged the traditional Arab nationalist approach led by Fatah.
Romance Landia: Solidarity and Exclusion
Romance Landia, a support network for romance writers, became digital publishing's success story, advocating solidarity and mutual aid. Despite empowering authors, its historical exclusion of BIPOC and LGBTQ+ authors has surfaced. The rise and challenges of Romance Landia offer lessons in solidarity amidst labor struggles in the digital economy.
Battle of Karame: Symbol of Victory and Recruitment Surge
The Battle of Karame in 1968 saw Fatah's triumph over Israeli forces in a crucial propaganda victory. Despite facing heavy losses, Fatah's resilience resonated, leading to a surge in new recruits. King Hussein's acknowledgment of Fatah's victory ignited massive recruitment, symbolizing the belief in victory through steadfast resistance.
Women's Involvement in Armed Struggle and Growth of Women's Unions
The late 60s saw increased involvement of women in armed struggle, notably spearheaded by figures like Mae Sa 'igh. Initially engaged in logistical support, some women like Sa 'igh pushed for combat training and participation. The period also witnessed substantial growth in women's unions within the PLO, signifying both militarization and organizational advancement among Palestinian women.
Impact of Political Coups in Iraq and Libya on Palestinian Revolution
The 1968 coup in Iraq by the Ba'ath party led to closer ties with the Soviet Union and reshaped regional dynamics. Post-1967 war shifts in Iraq saw the rise of figures like Saddam Hussein, impacting both domestic politics and external relations. The 1969 Libya coup, featuring Muammar Gaddafi, influenced Palestinian factions, offering resources and support, particularly notable for groups like the PFLPGC.
Featuring Abdel Razzaq Takriti, this is the FOURTEENTH episode of Thawra (Revolution), our series on Arab radicalism in the 20th century. Today’s installment covers the rise of the Palestinian Revolution and then its explosion after the Arab defeat in the June War of 1967 with Israel. Fatah, the Popular Front for the Liberation and Palestine, and other factions launched an armed guerrilla struggle against Israel, engaging the Palestinian people in a full-scale mobilization for their liberation. Also: Ba'athists Aḥmad Ḥasan al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein seized power in Iraq, as did Muammar Gaddafi’s Free Officers in Libya.
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