Katie Stallard on Mythmaking & History in Russia, China, and North Korea
Feb 27, 2025
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In this engaging conversation, Katie Stallard, a senior editor for China & global affairs at the News Statesman and former foreign correspondent, dives into the art of historical mythmaking by authoritarian regimes in Russia, China, and North Korea. She discusses how these narratives shape foreign policy and national identity, particularly the role of World War II history in modern conflicts. Stallard highlights the manipulation of events to maintain power, the mythologization of leaders like Kim Il-sung, and the need for critical historical education to combat revisionism.
Dictatorial regimes in Russia, China, and North Korea manipulate historical narratives to enhance legitimacy and consolidate political control over their populations.
The portrayal of significant historical events is tailored by authoritarian governments to instill victimhood and justify contemporary political actions, shaping public perception.
Deep dives
Weaponizing History for Control
Dictatorial leaders in China, Russia, and North Korea manipulate their nations' histories to consolidate control over their populations. By framing past struggles and victories as part of their regimes' legitimacy, these leaders create narratives that justify their rule and enhance their authority. For instance, in Russia, Vladimir Putin emphasizes the Great Patriotic War as a defining moment of national pride, using it to rally support during times of crisis. Similarly, North Korea’s Kim regime mythologizes the story of Kim Il-sung liberating the country from Japanese occupation, effectively rewriting history to cultivate a powerful cult of personality.
The Impact of Propaganda on Perceptions
The podcast highlights the profound effects of propaganda on public perceptions of current events, particularly in conflict situations. Katie Stallard recounts her experiences in Ukraine and Russia during the Maidan revolution and the annexation of Crimea, where starkly differing narratives were presented to audiences. While she witnessed the conflict's realities on the ground in Ukraine, Russian state media propagated a version of events where Ukraine was the aggressor. This dichotomy illustrates how historical narratives can significantly alter the understanding of contemporary issues and reinforce governmental power.
The Evolution of Historical Narratives
Historical narratives are not static; they evolve based on the political landscape and leadership changes. Stallard points out that the portrayals of significant events like the Second World War in Russia and China have been adapted over time to fit the needs of the current regime. For example, the annual Victory Day parade in Russia has increasingly emphasized military strength and national pride as a response to past turmoil and humiliation. This shift emphasizes that the stories told by governments are often tailored to instill a sense of victimhood and justify contemporary political actions.
Education and Ideological Control
The control over historical narratives extends deeply into the education systems of these authoritarian regimes, impacting how citizens understand their past. In North Korea, for example, children are taught a skewed version of history that aligns with the regime's propaganda, portraying their leaders as heroic figures. Similarly, Xi Jinping has reinforced ideological education in China, denouncing 'historical nihilism' and ensuring that the Communist Party's perspective dominates. This manipulation of history restricts discourse, discouraging critical examination of the past and enabling these regimes to maintain power by shaping public perception.
For our third episode of "History and our Current World," Kelly welcomes journalist Katie Stallard to explore how historical mythmaking shapes foreign policy. We examine how Russia, China & North Korea have manipulated national narratives to legitimize their global ambitions and create powerful collective identities.
Katie is a senior editor for China & global affairs at the News Statesman magazine, and was previously a foreign correspondent for Sky News, reporting from Ukraine, Russia, and China. She published Dancing on Bones in 2022, which was awarded best political book of the year by the Financial Times, the Sunday Times, and the BBC history magazine.
The opinions expressed in this conversation are strictly those of the participants and do not represent the views of Georgetown University or any government entity.
Produced by Theo Malhotra and Freddie Mallinson.
Recorded on February 19, 2025. Diplomatic Immunity, a podcast from the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University, brings you frank and candid conversations with experts on the issues facing diplomats and national security decision-makers around the world.
Funding support from the Carnegie Corporation of New York.
For more, visit our website, and follow us on Linkedin, Twitter @GUDiplomacy, and Instagram @isd.georgetown
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