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True God and True Man
- Jesus Christ is one person with two natures: divine and human.
- The Church clarified this through councils, addressing heresies that denied either his humanity or divinity.
Early Heresies
- Early heresies often denied Christ's humanity rather than his divinity, like Gnosticism.
- The Church affirmed Christ's divine sonship by nature, not adoption, against Paul of Samosata's claims.
Council of Nicaea and Arianism
- The Council of Nicaea (325 AD) clarified that Jesus is eternally begotten, not made, and of the same substance as the Father.
- This refuted Arianism, which claimed Jesus was created and of a different substance.