Explore the concept of Pagan Reaction in early Anglo-Saxon history, including kings reversing Christian policies and supporting pagan practices. Learn about the conversion of Aopwald, the first recorded killing for Christianity in England, and the myth-making around him as a martyr. Delve into the contradicting evidence surrounding the burial of Rick Bett in the sudden-hoo ship burial and the hybrid pagan Christian materials found. Discover the efforts of new kings to convert East Anglia to Christianity, the establishment of Christian infrastructure, and the downfall of East Anglia due to religious conflicts.
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Quick takeaways
The Pagan Reaction in early Anglo-Saxon history involved kings who opposed and reversed Christian policies, leading to the persecution of priests and seizure of church lands.
The establishment of Christianity in East Anglia was marked by the promotion of the faith by King See about, who cultivated a peaceful coexistence between Roman and Irish styles of Christianity.
Deep dives
Pagan Reaction and the Conversion of Aopwald
The podcast episode discusses the early Anglo-Saxon history and focuses on a period known as the Pagan Reaction. This reaction involved kings who opposed and reversed Christian policies, often resulting in the persecution of priests and the seizure of church lands. The case of Aopwald, son of Radwald, is highlighted as an example. Aopwald initially practiced both Christianity and Paganism but later converted to Christianity under the influence of King Edwin. However, shortly after his baptism, Aopwald was murdered by a pagan noble named Rick Bett, potentially due to political reasons as well. The killing of Aopwald marked the first recorded murder for Christianity in England.
See about Cernall and the Establishment of Christianity in East Anglia
After years of paganism, the rule of Rick Bett ended in 630, leading to the rise of two new kings in East Anglia: See about Cernall and Edrich. See about, with the help of a Burgundian priest named Felix, actively promoted Christianity and established the first bishopric and school in East Anglia. This move signaled the establishment of Christian infrastructure in a region that previously lacked it. Interestingly, See about managed to cultivate a peaceful coexistence between the Roman and Irish styles of Christianity, as demonstrated by his patronage of Felix and a group of Irish monks led by Fursi. Edrich's religious convictions remain mysterious, but as a kinsman of See about, he likely tolerated Christianity to maintain his dynasty's rule.
The Demise of East Anglia's Influence
The episode concludes with the events that led to the decline of East Anglia's power and influence. When Edwin, the staunch ally of the East Anglians, was killed, the kingdom became vulnerable to Mercian aggression. Edrich, who assumed sole rule of East Anglia, attempted to rally his people by summoning the former king, See about, from his religious retreat. However, Seabert, focused on his monastic life, refused to participate in battle, leading to his capture and subsequent death. This loss, along with Edrich's own demise, weakened East Anglia, and the region never regained its former level of influence.
A common feature of early Anglo-Saxon history, at least as presented by Bede, is what is called ‘pagan reaction’. Since Bede was writing an ecclesiastical history, that is a history of the Church, reactions against the spread of Christianity of course greatly disturbed him. Usually, these reactions took the form of kings who aggressively reversed the policies of their Christian predecessors by ending royal patronage of the Church in favour of support for traditional practitioners of pagan religiosity.