Knowledge-First Epistemology and Mental States

Knowledge-First Epistemology posits that knowledge is a mental state, differing from traditional views that describe mental states as transparent. Tim Williamson argues against the idea that mental experiences, like pain or belief, are inherently self-evident. He asserts that individuals may not fully understand their own beliefs or the evidence they face, leading to the conclusion that not all sensations can be trusted at face value. For example, a person might believe they are aware of their beliefs or the evidence supporting them, but in reality, this understanding may be flawed, demonstrating that knowledge and evidence are intertwined.