Alexander the Great – The Very Short Introductions Podcast – Episode 50
May 26, 2022
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Hugh Bowden, Professor of Ancient History at King’s College London, introduces Alexander the Great and discusses his legacy. Topics include the limited information about Alexander's life, various sources of evidence, his conquest of the Persian Empire, and his adoption of local practices.
Alexander the Great's integration into the lands he conquered can be understood through inscriptions, depictions, clay tablets, and portrait busts, shedding light on his role as a Pharaoh in Egypt and a Persian king.
Alexander's empire-building efforts focused on consolidation and maintaining control over conquered territories, adopting Persian court protocols to become the Persian king, which some historians viewed unfavorably as signs of autocracy.
Deep dives
Alexander the Great's Conquests and the Paradox of Knowledge
Alexander III of Macedon, also known as Alexander the Great, is the first person in Western history to be given the title 'the Great.' In his brief reign, he led a remarkable military campaign, conquering territories from Greece through Turkey, Syria, Egypt, and even reaching as far as India. While there are numerous accounts of his life from antiquity, the paradox lies in the fact that we actually know less about Alexander than we think. Historians have presented different perspectives on him, ranging from a torchbearer of Greek civilization to a genocidal tyrant. It is important to examine how Alexander appeared to his contemporaries, which can be gleaned from inscriptions, depictions, clay tablets, and portrait busts. These sources provide insights into his integration into the lands he conquered and shed light on his role as a Pharaoh in Egypt and a Persian king.
Building an Empire: Alexander's Aims and Actions
Alexander's empire-building efforts were not solely driven by conquest. While he acquired a reputation as an undefeated warrior, his activities in the Eastern part of the Achaemenid Persian Empire indicate a focus on consolidation and preventing rebellion rather than seeking further expansion. Alexander's goal was to become the Persian king and maintain control over the territories he had already conquered. To achieve this, he adopted Persian court protocols, including dressing in Persian clothes, participating in Persian-style feasts, and engaging in royal hunts. However, these practices were viewed unfavorably by some historians who saw them as a corruption brought about by the 'Orient' and criticized them as signs of autocracy. The complexity and significance of Alexander's reign extend beyond a simplistic narrative of conquest and glory.
Alexander's Impact and the Region's Complexity
The reign of Alexander the Great had a profound impact on the region encompassing Western Asia, North Africa, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It marked a period of transformation and cultural exchange. Alexander's diverse depictions as an Egyptian Pharaoh, Babylonian king, Macedonian general, and a ruler close to the gods on coins minted by his successors reflect the complexity and interconnectedness of the region and its civilizations. Examining Alexander's life goes beyond the realm of a typical tale of heroism; it offers a fascinating glimpse into a time of significant change and the interplay of various cultures and ideologies. His story continues to provide valuable insights into this historically rich and dynamic region.
In this episode, Hugh Bowden introduces Alexander the Great, a legendary figure whose legacy permeates modern culture but about whom we still have much to discover.
Hugh Bowden is is Professor of Ancient History at King’s College London. He is an internationally recognised expert on Alexander the Great, and also on religious experience in the Greek world. He is co-editor of the forthcoming Oxford Handbook on Ancient Mystery Cults (*OUP). His books include Mystery Cults in the Ancient World (2010), and Classical Athens & the Delphic Oracle: Divination and Democracy (2005). He has also published many articles and book chapters on ancient Greek religion and on Alexander the Great.