Jean-Marc Narbonne on Plotinus in Dialogue with the Gnostics
May 4, 2021
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Leading scholar Jean-Marc Narbonne discusses the interconnections between Plotinus' thought and the Gnostics. Topics include tensions within Plotinus' doctrine, Plotinus as a mystic drawing from various traditions, the evolution of Plato's view on evil, and Plotinus' critique of the Gnostics.
Platonus engaged in a dialogue with the Gnostics, challenging their revelation-based texts and emphasizing philosophical arguments and ethical discussions.
Platonus proposed the idea of the undescended soul, asserting that souls are already saved through their inherent connection to higher principles.
Deep dives
Platonus' Dialogue with the Gnostics
Platonus, a philosopher from the third century, engaged in a dialogue with the Gnostics, despite their differing backgrounds. He wrote a treatise specifically addressing the Gnostics, which demonstrates their interactions. Platonus argues against the Gnostics' revelation-based texts, emphasizing the importance of philosophical arguments and ethical discussions. Platonus's close proximity to Gnostic movements in Egypt influenced his understanding of their beliefs. This intellectual rivalry arose due to the Gnostics' ability to attract followers with their salvation-based teachings, contrasting with the complex and demanding nature of Platonus's philosophy.
Platonus's Theory of the Undescended Soul
Platonus proposed a unique theory called the undescended soul, which states that the soul remains connected to the intellect and the one. This idea contrasts with the prevailing belief of the need to save the soul. Platonus's theory suggests that souls are already saved due to their inherent connection to higher principles. He defends this theory by distinguishing between different types of souls, suggesting that some are fortunate and possess the ability to return to the higher principles, while others do not. Platonus's work demonstrates a dialogue with certain Gnostic theories of different types of souls.
Platonus's Doctrine of Matter
Platonus's understanding of matter evolves throughout his philosophical works. In earlier treatises, he attributes the fall of the soul to its own actions. However, in his later treatise, Platonus introduces the concept of evil matter as a principle opposing the cosmos. This idea differentiates him from the Gnostics, who attribute evil to the soul itself. Platonus's emphasis on matter as a contra principle within the cosmos enables him to refute the Gnostic view and reinforce his holistic philosophical system. The origins of matter in relation to Platonus's philosophy remain an enigma, but it is likely that he viewed matter as an extraterritorial entity resisting the good.
Platonus's Animosity Towards the Gnostics
Platonus had a strong animosity towards the Gnostics, likely because they attracted followers with their salvation-based teachings. The Gnostics simplified the complex philosophical ideas of Platonus by providing easy solutions for spiritual growth, while Platonus emphasized the arduous path of philosophical inquiry. His disdain for the Gnostics also stemmed from their departure from traditional Greek literature and their disregard for Plato's teachings. Platonus felt threatened by this intellectual and popular rival and sought to differentiate himself by critiquing the Gnostic's approach to philosophy and spirituality.
A leading scholar of the interconnections between Plotinus' thought and the thought of the Gnostics whom he disliked so much, Jean-Marc Narbonne discusses some of the Plotinian texts and ideas which make more sense if we see them in dialogue with the Gnostics.
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