Host Ravi Agrawal is joined by Nobel laureate Maria Ressa, Freedom House President Mike Abramowitz, and senior fellow Shadi Hamid to explore the decline of democracy worldwide. They discuss the impact of repressive behavior, technology polarization, erosion of press freedom and other freedoms, fighting corruption, and challenges faced by corporations in authoritarian states like China. The speakers emphasize the importance of upholding democratic institutions and the global demand for democracy.
The decline in democracy worldwide is influenced by repressive regimes, declining adherence to liberal principles, and the challenge of maintaining faith in democracy amidst bad outcomes.
Technology has disrupted the information ecosystem, leading to the spread of misinformation, polarization of societies, and the need for protecting the integrity of democratic processes.
Deep dives
The Democratic Recession
Over the past 15-20 years, there has been a decline in democracy worldwide. This decline is characterized by countries holding elections that are not fair and leaders becoming more autocratic. Factors contributing to this democratic recession include the repressive nature of countries like China and Russia, as well as the declining adherence to liberal principles in countries like Poland, India, Hungary, and the Philippines. This decline in democracy poses a challenge to the idea and acceptance of democracy itself.
The Role of Technology in Democracy
Technology has played a significant role in the democratic recession. With the loss of gatekeeping powers for journalists and the rise of social media, the information ecosystem has been disrupted. The spread of misinformation, polarizing platforms, and reward mechanisms that favor lies and extremist content have contributed to the radicalization and polarization of societies. Technology has also influenced politics and governance, with politicians using platforms to spread propaganda and manipulate public opinion. The information ecosystem needs to be addressed in order to protect the integrity of democratic processes.
The Consequences of Bad Outcomes in Democracy
One fundamental question facing democracy today is how to deal with bad outcomes. The rise of far-right politicians and the election of leaders perceived as producing negative outcomes challenge people's faith in democracy. It is important to recognize that excluding or sidelining these politicians is not a panacea. Instead, there is a need to find ways to accommodate diverse political views and engage in constructive conflict resolution. The experience of the Arab Spring highlights the importance of accepting election results, even when they are unfavorable.
Authoritarian Influence and Dictatorship Tactics
The spread of authoritarianism and tactics employed by dictators have had an impact on the democratic recession. Leaders like Putin have set examples of how to suppress media freedom, weaken civil society, and manipulate elections. These tactics have been emulated by other leaders, such as Orban in Hungary. The study and replication of these tactics by illiberal leaders contribute to the erosion of democracy. It is essential to hold leaders accountable and fight against corruption as it undermines dictators and strengthens democratic institutions.
Democracies are in decline around the world. What can be done to strengthen democratic institutions? At the annual Aspen Ideas Festival, host Ravi Agrawal sat down with Nobel laureate Maria Ressa; Freedom House President Mike Abramowitz; and Shadi Hamid, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.