The Bomb

Kennedy and Khrushchev: 8. The logic of war

Jan 19, 2026
Tensions soar as troops in Cuba brace for an imminent attack, sparking frantic discussions among leaders. Fidel Castro pressures Khrushchev to strike first while the Soviet premier writes a heartfelt letter to Kennedy, illustrating the serious escalation of war. The impact of World War II on Khrushchev's mindset is explored, along with U.S. military maneuvers that ignite alarm in Cuba. The emotional weight of nuclear threats looms ever larger as each side grapples with the terrifying possibility of global destruction.
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INSIGHT

Escalation Spurs Calculated Retreat

  • Soviet maneuvers and low-altitude U.S. flights made Khrushchev fear an attack and pushed him toward de-escalation proposals.
  • He offered to turn Soviet ships back and not unload warheads to avoid a fight that could escalate to nuclear war.
INSIGHT

War Trauma Shapes Decision Making

  • Khrushchev's World War II experiences, especially Stalingrad, shaped his aversion to mass destruction.
  • That trauma influenced his reluctance to escalate toward nuclear conflict.
INSIGHT

Public Evidence Shifts The Narrative

  • The public UN confrontation with photographic evidence exposed Soviet secrecy and eroded Soviet diplomatic posture.
  • Adlai Stevenson's display of U-2 photos delivered a major PR blow to Moscow.
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