This episode was a total joy with toe warmers in all the right places (and some of the wrong ones)! The main scientific topic was a new study on how high carb fueling may improve heat adaptation. We broaden that out to a question from a listener on the old "calories-in, calories-out" framework, and why that doesn't apply to athletes from evolutionary or exercise science perspectives.

The big takeaway from 2 decades of research: avoiding excessive within-day deficits from training may improve health, performance, and body composition. Eat during hard training, or the body may have to take unhealthy steps to avoid shutting down.

And this one was full of great topics! Other topics: a hopeful update on David's knee heading into Western States, the decision to get a cortisone injection, Megan having enough watts to be confused for an e-bike, a new study on weight-vest warm-ups improving running economy, how we think training theory might evolve based on that study, last week's controversial news in trail running, why we think that love and grace for humans needs to lead the way, and a Q+A on fear of vulnerability, workout intensity, and athlete sponsorship.

Stick around to the very end for the hardest we have ever laughed on an episode!

May your knees stay healthy and may your tooth bags stay hidden. We love you all! HUZZAH!

-David and Megan

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1871: Turning Fear into Drive and Motivation and Energy to Make Your Business Successful with Todd Kaufman Co-Founder and Co-Owner of Test Double