Selected Essays | Garth Greenwell on Martha Nussbaum
Oct 31, 2023
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Garth Greenwell and Martha Nussbaum discuss their essays on moral philosophy in literature. They explore the complexities of relationships, dramatic plot twists, alternative views in moral philosophy, and Nussbaum's collaborative approach to being wronged. They also delve into uncertainty and the writer's relationship with their work.
Art, specifically novels, can be a medium for moral education, allowing readers to grapple with moral complexities and experience a broad range of moral emotions.
Moral engagement with literature requires an inclusive and collaborative approach, embracing ambiguity, and valuing the mysteries and uncertainties that art presents.
Deep dives
The Importance of Art in Moral Philosophy
In this podcast episode, Garth Greenwell discusses Martha Nussbaum's essay 'Flawed Crystals, James' The Golden Bowl, and Literature as Moral Philosophy.' Nussbaum's work explores the relationship between art and moral philosophy, challenging simplistic approaches that either reduce art to moral precepts or dismiss its moral value. She argues that art, specifically novels like Henry James' The Golden Bowl, can be a medium for moral education. Nussbaum emphasizes the importance of intuitive perception and improvisatory response in moral reasoning, as opposed to rigid systems or rules. She suggests that engaging with literature allows us to grapple with the complexities of moral questions and experience a broad range of moral emotions. Nussbaum's approach invites a collaborative and responsive engagement with art, urging readers to embrace ambiguity and be open to being morally bewitchered.
The Influence of Literature on Moral Education
In his essay, Garth Greenwell reflects on Martha Nussbaum's concept of a moral education while exploring Philip Roth's novel, Sabbath's Theater. He challenges the notion that moral engagement with literature requires morally exemplary characters or clear moral judgments. Instead, Greenwell argues for a more expansive understanding of morality, one that includes the flawed and repugnant aspects of human nature. He suggests that diving wholeheartedly into such literature allows for a deeper understanding of the complexities of morality and human existence. Greenwell calls for an apophatic approach, valuing the mysteries and uncertainties that art presents, rather than seeking definitive answers or moral scorekeeping. He advocates for an inclusive and collaborative understanding of moral engagement with literature, emphasizing the importance of empathy and understanding in navigating the messiness of human relationships.
The Limits of Argument and the Value of Bewilderment
Both Martha Nussbaum and Garth Greenwell challenge the primacy of argument and judgment when engaging with art and literature. They critique the moralistic approaches that reduce art to rigid moral precepts or impose a dominant moral structure onto texts. Nussbaum suggests that moral engagement with literature requires a collaborative, responsive, and improvisatory approach, wherein intuitive perception and keen vision play essential roles. Greenwell further questions the value of argument and judgment and proposes an alternative space beyond argument, one that fosters a deeper understanding of literature and human morality. He advocates for an intellectual modesty and a recognition that art surpasses definitive explanations, embracing a sense of bewilderment and valuing the unknowable aspects of art and human nature.
The Role of Ambiguity and Complexity in Moral Engagement
Both Martha Nussbaum and Garth Greenwell emphasize the importance of ambiguity, complexity, and engagement with flawed characters in moral education. Nussbaum argues that novels like Henry James' The Golden Bowl offer profound moral insights precisely because they depict the messiness of human relationships and the bewildering choices individuals face. Greenwell echoes this sentiment in his analysis of Philip Roth's Sabbath's Theater, where he finds value in diving wholeheartedly into morally repugnant characters. They both challenge moralistic approaches that demand clear moral judgments or rely on rigid moral systems. Instead, they invite readers to embrace ambiguity, grapple with moral complexities, and develop a deeper understanding of human nature through literature.