emDOCs.net Emergency Medicine (EM) Podcast
Episode 100: Acute Chest Syndrome Part 1
May 15, 2024
Emergency Medicine Physician Brit Long discusses acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease patients. Topics include prompt recognition, advanced imaging techniques, pain control strategies, oxygen therapy, and transfusions to improve outcomes and reduce mortality.
20:13
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Quick takeaways
- Acute chest syndrome is a common and serious complication of sickle cell disease, characterized by vaso-occlusive events in pulmonary vasculature.
- Management of acute chest syndrome includes pain control, fluid management, supplemental oxygen, antibiotic therapy, and consideration of blood transfusion in severe cases.
Deep dives
Overview of Sickle Cell Disease and Acute Chest Syndrome
Sickle cell disease is a genetic hemoglobinopathy that predominantly affects individuals of African, Mediterranean, Indian, and Middle Eastern descent. It is characterized by the presence of hemoglobin S, leading to sickle-shaped red blood cells with reduced solubility when deoxygenated. Major factors causing sickling include hypoxemia, acidosis, dehydration, inflammation, infection, fever, and blood stasis. Complications of sickle cell disease encompass vaso-occlusive crisis, anemia, sequestration, infection, and acute chest syndrome, the latter being a form of acute lung injury characterized by vaso-occlusive events in pulmonary vasculature.
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