102: The Controversy of ABA: A Discussion with an ABA Practitioner
Jul 29, 2024
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In this engaging discussion, Taylor, a board-certified behavior analyst, delves into the controversial world of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). She explains ABA's principles and its impact on autistic children, addressing both its potential benefits and historical harms. Taylor shares her journey in the field, revealing the ethical complexities BCBAs face. The conversation highlights the importance of viewing autistic individuals as whole people, questioning whether the goal is to make them seem less autistic, and advocating for more empathetic practices in therapy.
The podcast explores the necessity of individualized assessments by BCBAs to determine if ABA is right for each autistic child.
It discusses the ethical implications of using dehumanizing language in ABA, which can undermine the therapeutic relationship with autistic individuals.
The conversation highlights the need for reform within the ABA community to prioritize empathy and respect in interventions for autistic people.
Deep dives
Understanding Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is rooted in the science of learning and behavior. It examines how behaviors are acquired and modified through interaction with the environment. While popularized as a therapy for autism, behavior analysis techniques are applicable in various contexts, such as education and criminal justice. The difference in opinion often stems from the varying effectiveness and ethical application of ABA, rather than ABA itself being inherently good or bad.
The Role and Training of a BCBA
A Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) is responsible for assessing individuals diagnosed with autism and determining the need for ABA services. BCBAs undergo rigorous training, including obtaining a bachelor's degree, a master's in a relevant field, and completing supervised hours before certification is granted. However, there is a criticism regarding the necessity of additional training on autism-specific knowledge and developmental understanding. This gap in education can lead to misapplication of ABA strategies that don't account for individual needs.
Evaluating the Necessity of ABA
Not every child diagnosed with autism requires ABA, a realization that some BCBAs have come to through experience. Evaluating a child's need for services should be based on their unique circumstances rather than an automatic recommendation. Some children may demonstrate behaviors that are typical within their development, challenging the notion that they require modification. BCBAs should prioritize the well-being of the child over fulfilling service quotas dictated by external pressures such as insurance demands.
Ethical Considerations in ABA Practices
The ethical application of ABA involves recognizing the individuality of each child and ensuring the interventions aim to enhance their quality of life. This requires BCBAs to engage in self-reflection and challenge their assumptions about what behaviors should be targeted. Respecting the autonomy of children is crucial, and modifications should not be made merely because they are deemed annoying to adults. Thus, promoting behaviors that genuinely benefit the child's independence and happiness should be prioritized.
The Impact of Language and Communication in ABA
The language used within the ABA community has been criticized for being dehumanizing and overly clinical, which can affect the therapeutic relationship. Terminology such as 'maladaptive behaviors' and 'undesired behaviors' can convey a sense of judgment rather than understanding. To foster a more positive environment, BCBAs should aim to communicate in a way that validates and respects children's experiences. Shifting language to reflect connection rather than mere compliance can help create a nurturing therapeutic setting.
Advocacy for Change in the ABA Field
There is a clear need for reform in the ABA industry to better serve autistic individuals holistically. Recommendations include increasing supervision requirements for RBTs, expanding the educational curriculum for BCBAs to emphasize the understanding of autism, and fostering a culture of empathy and respect. BCBAs must take accountability for delivering quality services that do not reinforce harmful practices. By embracing these changes, the field can move towards a more compassionate and effective approach to supporting individuals with autism.
If you heard our episode from a couple of weeks ago, you know we discussed Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). Today, we are looking at the controversy surrounding ABA, why many people are in favor of it, and why many people oppose it. My guest, Taylor, is a BCBA, a board-certified behavior analyst, so let’s discuss this topic and learn more from her.
Show Highlights:
An explanation of ABA and the role of a BCBA
The language of ABA: desired behaviors, undesired behaviors, behavior contrast, punishment, replacement behaviors, injurious behaviors, tantrum behaviors, etc.
Taylor’s story about going to an ABA conference
The historical harm that ABA has done to autistic children
The dehumanizing aspects of ABA
Is the goal of ABA to make an autistic child seem less autistic?
Therapies covered by health insurance for an autistic child: speech, occupational, and ABA
The side of ABa that no one talks about
ABA: helpful, traumatizing, or distressing?
Taylor’s path to becoming a BCBA
An autism diagnosis does NOT mean that you need ABA.
A look at a typical ABA session (even though each session is highly individualized to the needs of each person)
Taylor’s top three things that can be done to better serve autistic people
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