Jae DiBello Takeuchi, "Language Ideologies and L2 Speaker Legitimacy: Native Speaker Bias in Japan" (Mulitlingual Matters, 2023)
Aug 1, 2023
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Jae DiBello Takeuchi, author of "Language Ideologies and L2 Speaker Legitimacy: Native Speaker Bias in Japan," discusses the challenges faced by second language learners of Japanese, including issues with politeness levels, gendered language, dialects, and native speaker bias. The podcast explores the concept of speaker legitimacy, the discrepancies between media portrayals and real-life language usage, and strategies for addressing bias against non-native Japanese speakers.
Native speaker bias in Japan leads to vulnerability and denial of speaker legitimacy for second language speakers of Japanese.
Second language speakers of Japanese face challenges in establishing speaker legitimacy, particularly in terms of politeness levels and regional dialects.
Deep dives
The Concept of Native Speaker Bias
Native speaker bias refers to the tendency to prioritize native speakers as the standard for language use and assessment. It assumes an idealized native speaker with perfect language competence, disregards linguistic diversity and variation, and creates a dichotomy between correct and incorrect language use. Native speaker bias impacts second language speakers of Japanese in Japan, leading to vulnerability, criticism, and denial of speaker legitimacy.
Importance of Speaker Legitimacy
Speaker legitimacy refers to the right to speak and be heard without attention being diverted to form or linguistic correctness. Bordeaux's concept of linguistic capital highlights how language and legitimate speakerhood are interconnected. Second language speakers of Japanese face challenges in establishing speaker legitimacy, experiencing critiques of their language use and being judged based on their non-native status.
Challenges for Japanese Language Learners
Japanese language learners encounter difficulties beyond grammar and vocabulary, especially in terms of politeness levels, regional dialects, gendered language, and social norms. Politeness language in Japanese, such as keigo, poses challenges due to the need for guided instruction and the complexities of different levels of politeness.
Japanese Dialects and Second Language Speakers
Japanese dialects present unique challenges for second language speakers, particularly when encountering phonological, morphological, and lexical differences. Understanding the variation and differences in dialects allows learners to navigate linguistic diversity within Japan. Second language speakers may face the dilemma of unintentionally using dialects and being perceived as different by native speakers.
Jae DiBello Takeuchi's Language Ideologies and L2 Speaker Legitimacy: Native Speaker Bias in Japan (Mulitlingual Matters, 2023) examines dilemmas faced by second language (L2) Japanese speakers as a result of persistent challenges to their legitimacy as speakers of Japanese. Based on an ethnographic interview study with L2-Japanese speakers and their L1-Japanese-speaking friends, co-workers and significant others, the book examines ideologies linked to three core speech styles of Japanese – keigo or polite language, gendered language and regional dialects – to show how such ideologies impact L2-Japanese speakers. The author demonstrates that speaker legitimacy is often tenuous for L2 speakers and argues that, despite increasing numbers of Japanese-speaking foreign residents in Japan, native speaker bias remains a persistent issue for L2-Japanese speakers living and working in Japan. This book extends the discussion of native speaker bias beyond educational contexts, and in the process reveals tensions between how L2 speakers aspire to speak and how L1 speakers expect them to speak.
Jingyi Li is a PhD Candidate in Japanese History at the University of Arizona. She researches about early modern Japan, literati, and commercial publishing.