The Curious Clinicians 103 - Oral Argument
Jan 8, 2025
Why isn't insulin administered orally? This intriguing discussion traces the challenges and history of insulin since the 1920s. Discover the biological hurdles of absorption and how digestive enzymes complicate oral administration. Learn about advancements like semaglutide that enhance drug delivery. Dive into innovative research inspired by cephalopods, which explores futuristic drug delivery methods that could revolutionize treatments.
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Discovery of Insulin
- In 1922, orthopedic surgeon Frederick Banting and medical student Charles Best discovered insulin.
- They treated Leonard Thompson, a 14-year-old with diabetes, who lived another 13 years after the initial treatment.
Barriers to Oral Insulin
- Insulin is a peptide susceptible to digestion in the stomach and small intestine.
- Its large size (51 amino acids, 5.8 kilodaltons) hinders oral absorption.
Insulin Digestion
- Enzymes like pepsin and trypsin digest insulin.
- Stomach acid is not the primary issue hindering oral insulin delivery.