Searching for convivencia — philosopher AC Grayling makes peace in the culture wars

Livy's 'History of Rome' is a monumental work that chronicles the history of Rome from its legendary founding to the reign of Augustus. Written in Latin, it aimed to celebrate Rome's greatness and provide moral lessons through historical narratives. The work is divided into books, with some sections lost over time, covering political, military, and social events. Livy's style combines factual reporting with dramatic storytelling. He often emphasizes the virtues of Roman leaders and the importance of civic duty. The 'History of Rome' remains a valuable source for understanding ancient Roman culture, values, and historical events.

A. C. Grayling examines the roots of contemporary culture wars through historical examples ranging from Ancient Greek ostracism to McCarthyism, analyzing how societies have navigated ideological conflicts. The book proposes pathways to reconcile modern divisions exacerbated by social media and polarized discourse.

The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is set in 17th-century Boston and revolves around Hester Prynne, a young woman who is publicly shamed for committing adultery. She is forced to wear a scarlet letter 'A' on her clothing as a symbol of her sin. The novel delves into themes of guilt, sin, redemption, and the strict moral codes of the Puritan community. Hester's husband, Roger Chillingworth, seeks revenge against her lover, Arthur Dimmesdale, a local minister who is wracked with guilt over his secret sin. The story explores the psychological and emotional suffering of the characters, ultimately leading to a dramatic public confession by Dimmesdale and the subsequent consequences for all involved. The novel is a classic moral study and a masterpiece of American literature, critiquing the hypocrisy and rigid moral standards of the Puritan society.