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A NASA mission has been designed to send a spacecraft closer to the sun than any human-made object has ever gone. Launched in 2018, the spacecraft is on a trajectory that will bring it to just a few million miles from the sun’s surface, which reaches temperatures of about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperature quickly escalates to 2 to 3 million degrees just a few thousand miles away from the sun, presenting significant challenges for technology. The innovative design of the spacecraft includes a carbon foam heat shield that remains significantly cooler on the backside, allowing it to withstand extreme heat while collecting invaluable data about solar phenomena.