Antarctica's Unique Geography and Climate

Antarctica is not just a barren landmass; it covers an area comparable to the size of the United States plus Mexico, making it a significant continent in terms of geography. The continent is characterized by extreme cold, dryness, and wind, with ice sheets reaching thicknesses of up to three miles. It lacks a permanent human population, hosting only a transient group of around 5,000 scientists and support staff during peak summer months, alongside roughly 100,000 tourists annually, primarily from cruise ships. Understanding these geographical and climatic conditions is crucial for contextualizing the political and scientific activities taking place on this unique continent.