Mike Lempres on Silvergate’s Collapse, Bank Regulation, and Debanking (EP.593)
Feb 5, 2025
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Mike Lempres, former Chairman of Silvergate Bank and a seasoned expert in banking regulation, dives deep into the collapse of the crypto-focused bank. He shares insights about the bank's growth and the significance of the Silvergate Exchange Network. Lempres reveals how Silvergate faced a devastating bank run following the FTX fallout and examines the implications of regulatory pressures that led to its liquidation. He also discusses the complex relationship between banks and crypto, exploring regulatory overreach and the future of debanking.
Mike Lempres discusses the challenges Silvergate faced due to regulatory pressures and its over-reliance on the crypto sector, leading to its collapse.
He underscores the importance of adapting regulatory frameworks to support financial innovations while ensuring compliance in the evolving crypto banking landscape.
Deep dives
Mike Lempress's Background and Influence
Mike Lempress shares an extensive background, starting in government before transitioning into law and banking, with significant experience in the crypto sector. He became involved with Silvergate Bank when he discovered its potential in banking crypto clients, leading him to help the bank pivot towards serving the digital asset sector. By analyzing risks and making informed decisions, Lempress advocated for Silvergate’s role in the developing crypto economy, asserting that banks could operate successfully while managing these risks. His journey illustrates the intersections of law, finance, and technology within the context of rapidly evolving industries.
Silvergate's Growth and Challenges in Crypto Banking
Silvergate Bank began focusing on crypto in 2013, capitalizing on the unmet banking needs within the sector. Their innovation, the Silvergate Exchange Network, allowed real-time, 24/7 settlements for clients, making essential services more accessible to the crypto industry. However, the collapse of FTX in late 2022 triggered massive withdrawals, leaving Silvergate with only about $4 billion in deposits, a sharp drop from $14 billion. Despite early preparedness for this volatility, regulatory pressures and a rapidly shifting landscape culminated in the disastrous decision to liquidate the bank, impacting countless customers.
Regulatory Intervention and Its Impact
Regulatory intervention intensified following the FTX collapse, with regulators indicating that banks should not exceed 15% of business related to crypto activities. This expectation created a quandary for Silvergate, which was nearly entirely focused on crypto clients and did not have alternative options for rapid expansion or reconfiguration. Lempress emphasizes that Silvergate acted as a responsible participant in the financial ecosystem, managing risks effectively while maintaining a compliant banking model. However, these regulatory changes fundamentally undermined the bank's business model, leading to its eventual closure and compromising the services offered to customers.
The Future of Banking in the Crypto Industry
Despite the challenges faced, Lempress remains optimistic about the future of crypto banking, highlighting the potential for new institutions to emerge that could serve the industry effectively. He argues that the regulatory environment must evolve to accommodate the changing dynamics of finance without stifling innovation. Lempress points to the need for regulators to maintain a balanced perspective on crypto, recognizing its legitimate role in the financial landscape. Moreover, he believes that the development of new financial models could help restore access for startups and customers affected by Silvergate's demise, fostering growth within the crypto sector.
Former Chairman of Silvergate Bank Mike Lempres joins us for a discussion of Silvergate, the crypto-focused bank that was forced into liquidation in early 2023 following a bank run. This are the first on the record comments from any Silvergate executive following the voluntary liquidation announced in March 2023. In this episode:
Mike’s background at the DoJ, at Coinbase, and how he came to be chairman of the board at Silvergate
How Silvergate grew to become the premier crypto-focused bank with $14b in deposits
Why the Silvergate Exchange Network (SEN) was so useful to the crypto space
How Silvergate suffered a bank run and ultimate liquidation following the FTX collapse
How Silvergate survived a 70% bank run
Regulatory shifts in 2023
What led the decision to voluntarily liquidate
What has happened at Silvergate since the announcement of the liquidation?
The effect of Elizabeth Warren’s letters and short seller behavior on the collapse
Could Silvergate have survived and thrived?
Should bank regulators be allowed to ringfence entire industries?
Silvergate’s relationship with Alameda/FTX - and could they have detected the fraud?
Was Silvergate a victim of FTX
How the Signature case adds to the suspicion - were regulators sending a message?
What was the issue with SEN monitoring?
Silvergate’s settlements with the Fed, the SEC, and the CA DFP
How Silvergate was rugpulled by the government with regards to Diem
The Fed’s recent evolution on the topic of banks serving crypto
Mike’s outlook on crypto banking and the domestic crypto industry
Why Signature and Silvergate executives are limited in what they can say publicly
The problem with “confidential supervisory information”
Why we may not get a “smoking gun memo” from the regulators on Choke Point 2.0
What changes would Mike make to bank regulation in the US?
Lingering misconceptions about Silvergate
Do Silvergate shareholders have a legal case against the government?