The Push To Impeach Perkins (1939) w/ Rebecca Brenner Graham
Jan 26, 2025
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Rebecca Brenner Graham, a postdoctoral research associate at Brown University and author of "Dear Miss Perkins," dives into the impeachment attempt against Frances Perkins, the first female cabinet secretary, in January 1939. The discussion reveals the political pressures Perkins faced during the Red Scare and her advocacy for labor rights. Graham also explores the rising anti-immigrant sentiments of the time, linking them to broader socio-economic issues. Through Perkins' legacy, they highlight how activism can thrive amidst bureaucratic challenges.
The impeachment efforts against Frances Perkins in 1939 reflected the intense backlash against New Deal policies amid rising anti-immigrant sentiment.
Perkins's advocacy for refugees from Nazi Germany showcased her commitment to humanitarian efforts despite the political challenges she faced.
Deep dives
Francis Perkins and the Impeachment Crisis
In January 1939, members of the U.S. House of Representatives proposed impeaching Francis Perkins, the first woman cabinet secretary, due to her failure to deport Harry Bridges, an immigrant labor organizer. This event highlighted the fierce opposition the New Deal faced, particularly from anti-New Dealers who viewed Perkins as a symbol of the labor reforms threatening capitalist interests. The impeachment resolution utilized accusations of treason, underscoring the severity of the political climate and the extent of resentment directed toward those promoting labor rights and immigration. Perkins’s situation was exacerbated by her gender and her progressive policies, which made her a target for amplifying discontent surrounding labor movements at the time.
The Intersection of Labor and Immigration
The impeachment proceedings against Perkins reflected broader socio-political tensions connecting labor rights and anti-immigrant sentiments in the late 1930s. As labor organizing flourished and protective legislation like the National Labor Relations Act and the Fair Labor Standards Act emerged, traditional capitalist interests grew increasingly alarmed, leading to attacks on Perkins’s immigration stance. Lawmakers accused her of being pro-immigrant and failing to act against labor organizers, revealing how economic anxieties could fuel a reactionary backlash against progressive labor policies. This intertwining of immigration issues and labor rights created a complex scenario where bridges between the two movements were increasingly severed, amidst a growing atmosphere of suspicion and hostility.
Perkins' Legacy in Refugee Aid
Throughout her tenure, Perkins utilized her position to advocate for aid to refugees fleeing Nazi Germany, implementing innovative measures like the child refugee program and corporate affidavits to sponsor individuals. Despite facing political opposition, particularly after Kristallnacht in 1938, Perkins managed to extend visas and create policies to protect Jewish refugees, demonstrating her commitment to humanitarian principles. However, her effectiveness was significantly undermined by the impeachment controversies, which revealed the political liabilities associated with her pro-immigration stance amidst a backdrop of war and escalating discrimination. This experience ultimately illustrated the limitations of governmental structures, showcasing Perkins as a dedicated leader who fought for impactful change while confronting entrenched bigotry.
It's January 25th. This day in 1939, Republicans in Congress are holding hearings to impeach labor secretary Frances Perkins, claiming that she'd failed to deport a communist labor organizer.
Jody, Niki, and Kellie are joined by Rebecca Brenner Graham to discuss why they were going after Perkins in this moment, and how the impeachment effort fits into the wide scope of Perkins's politics and activism.
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Our team: Jacob Feldman, Researcher/Producer; Brittani Brown, Producer; Khawla Nakua, Transcripts; music by Teen Daze and Blue Dot Sessions; Audrey Mardavich is our Executive Producer at Radiotopia