From First Principles FFP EP. 3 | Oldest Molecule, Programmable Proteins, Europa Radar & Light’s Double Life
Aug 14, 2025
Discover the mysteries of the universe's first molecule, helium hydride, and its role in star formation. Dive into groundbreaking efforts to design programmable proteins that can expand biochemical possibilities. Learn about the Europa Clipper's radar mission and what its findings might reveal about potential life beneath Europa's ice. Finally, unravel the enigma of the double-slit experiment, exploring how quantum mechanics challenges our understanding of light and reality.
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Primordial Chemistry Dictates Star Birth
- Early-universe chemistry shapes star formation by controlling cooling rates through molecules.
- Lab experiments recreating primordial molecules let us better model when and how first stars formed.
HeH+ Reaction Rates Change Cosmic Timelines
- Helium hydride (HeH+) and its reactions control early cooling efficiency and thus timing of first stars.
- Correcting theoretical reaction rates changes simulations tied to JWST observations of early galaxies.
Rewriting Biology's Alphabet
- Yale recoded E. coli to repurpose unused codons and insert nonstandard amino acids into proteins.
- Expanding the genetic 'vocabulary' creates novel protein chemistries beyond natural evolution.