Dr. Joshua Cooper, director of cardiac electrophysiology at Temple University Hospital, talks about palpitations, emphasizing the importance of properly characterizing them and recognizing red flag symptoms. They discuss the diagnosis of palpitations in young patients, the danger of prematurely diagnosing anxiety, and the importance of recognizing abnormal P-waves. They also touch on the workup for tachycardia and the need to validate patients' symptoms and refer to specialists.
Establishing a relationship between symptoms and rhythm is crucial when evaluating patients with palpitations.
Different monitoring options are available for patients with palpitations, such as Holter monitors, event monitors, loop recorders, and wearable devices, depending on the frequency and duration of symptoms.
The decision to obtain an echocardiogram in patients with palpitations should be guided by the presence of accompanying symptoms, abnormal physical examination findings, and the likelihood of capturing arrhythmias on a monitor.
Patient education plays a vital role in accurate monitoring and diagnosis of palpitations, including the use of wearable devices but with a caution that automated interpretations may not always be accurate.
Deep dives
Evaluation and Diagnosis
When evaluating patients with palpitations, it is crucial to establish a relationship between symptoms and rhythm. Clarifying the exact nature of the palpitations is essential in order to differentiate between different types of arrhythmias. Symptoms such as chest pain, lightheadedness, or loss of consciousness raise concerns and require further investigation. However, physical examination findings may not play a significant role in the diagnosis of arrhythmias. Blood work, such as thyroid function tests, may be considered, depending on the patient's presentation and medical history.
Monitoring Options
A range of monitoring options is available for patients with palpitations. These include Holter monitors, event monitors, loop recorders, and wearable devices. Holter monitors record the heart's activity over 24 to 48 hours, capturing arrhythmias that may occur during that time. Event monitors and loop recorders, on the other hand, can be worn for longer periods (e.g., several days to several weeks) and are activated by the patient when they experience symptoms. The choice of monitor depends on the frequency and duration of the patient's symptoms, and the goal is to capture relevant arrhythmias during monitoring.
Echocardiogram Consideration
The need for an echocardiogram in patients with palpitations depends on various factors, such as the presence of accompanying symptoms, patient age, and the frequency of palpitation episodes. If there are concerns about structural heart disease or abnormal physical examination findings, an echocardiogram may be warranted. However, the frequency of symptoms and the likelihood of capturing arrhythmias on a monitor should guide the decision to obtain an echocardiogram.
Patient Education and Self-Monitoring
Patient education is crucial in facilitating accurate monitoring and diagnosis of palpitations. Patients can be encouraged to use wearable devices that provide real-time heart rate data and inform them about the possibility of arrhythmias. However, it is important to emphasize that automated interpretations by these devices may not always be accurate. Encouraging patients to save recordings and share them with their healthcare provider can aid in the accurate interpretation of symptoms and arrhythmias.
Importance of understanding patient symptoms
When dealing with patients experiencing palpitations, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of their specific symptoms. Taking the time to ask detailed questions and encouraging patients to describe their sensations in different ways can help guide the diagnostic process more effectively.
Tailoring the monitoring approach to symptom frequency
Using appropriate monitoring techniques is essential for evaluating patients with palpitations. Tailoring the choice of monitor to the frequency of symptoms can provide valuable insights. Options range from short-term monitors, such as 24-hour or two-week event monitors, to longer-term options like implantable heart monitors.
Recognizing danger signs and seeking specialist input
It is important to recognize danger signs in patients with palpitations, such as syncope, presyncope, chest pain, and significant shortness of breath. These symptoms may indicate more severe underlying rhythm problems and require urgent evaluation. Consulting with arrhythmia specialists can provide guidance on the appropriate management plan.
When should you fold or Holt onto your cards for palpitations? Learn about properly characterizing a patient’s palpitations, red flag symptoms, when to grab an echocardiogram and/or heart monitoring, and when certain “benign” ECG findings can be concerning. We’re joined by the director of cardiac electrophysiology at Temple University Hospital, Dr. Joshua Cooper (@narrowQRS) for this episode chock full of cardiac pearls to make your heart skip a beat.
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CME Partner: VCU Health CE The Curbsiders are partnering with VCU Health Continuing Education to offer FREE continuing education credits for physicians and other healthcare professionals. Visit curbsiders.vcuhealth.org and search for this episode to claim credit.
Show Segments
Intro, disclaimer, guest bio
Guest one-liner, Picks of the Week*
Case from Kashlak
Defining what the patient means by palpitations
Common causes and misdiagnoses
Red flag symptoms
Exposures and medications to consider
Sinus tachycardia
Workup for palpitations
Monitors
Script for a negative workup
Premature ventricular contractions
Outro
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