Afanasy Nikitin 1: Journey Beyond the Three Seas

Afanasy Nikitin, a 15th-century Russian merchant, sets out from Tver and immediately runs into trouble before travelling to India.

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Sources:

• Afanasy Nikitin's Voyage Beyond The Three Seas, 1466–1472. Geografgiz, 1960.

• Alam, Muzaffar and Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. Indo-Persian Travels in the Age of Discoveries, 1400-1800. Cambridge University Press, 2007.

• Belkov, Gregory. The Journey Beyond Three Seas of Afanasij Nikitin in A.D. 1466-1472 : Establishment of Text, Translation and Commentary. University of British Columbia, 1950.

• Paulau, Stanislau. “Embodying the World beyond Three Seas: India in the Imagination of the Mediaeval Rus," in Body, Emotion and Mind. ‛Embodying’ the Experiences in Indo-European Encounters, edited by Martin Tamcke and Gladson Jathanna. LIT Verlag, 2013.

• Romano, John. Medieval Travel and Travellers: A Reader. University of Toronto Press, 2020.

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