Dr. Andrea Love, Executive Director of the American Lyme Disease Foundation, joins the pod to discuss tick species, pathogens, and diseases. They debunk tick myths, emphasize prevention, and give advice on what to do if bitten. Tick testing limitations and the importance of clinical symptoms are highlighted. Enjoying the outdoors safely and getting involved with the American Lyme Disease Foundation are encouraged.
Ticks have specific hosts they prefer, like small mammals and rodents, as humans are incidental hosts, and only a few tick species bite humans and transmit diseases.
Tick prevention involves a multi-pronged approach such as conducting thorough tick checks, using insect repellents, applying permethrin, and practicing good hygiene to reduce tick attachment and potential infection risks.
Deep dives
Ticks and Tick-borne Pathogens
Ticks are a broad class of arthropods that feed on blood to survive. They have specific hosts they prefer, such as small mammals and rodents, and humans are incidental hosts. There are about 850 tick species globally, with around 90 identified in the US. Only a few tick species bite humans and transmit diseases. Lyme disease is commonly associated with black-legged ticks found in the Northeast and Midwest. Other tick species, like the lone star tick and brown dog tick, can transmit different pathogens. It's estimated that about 10-20% of ticks carry some form of pathogen that could be transmitted to humans.
Tick Distribution & Impact of Climate
Tick distribution is influenced by climate, host populations, and environmental changes. The black-legged tick, for example, is expanding its range due to climate change. It's most prevalent in the northeastern US and the Midwest. Other tick species have specific geographic distributions. A milder winter with less frost can promote tick survival and reproduction. Tick activity is higher during certain seasons and may vary based on food availability and climate factors. Tick populations and pathogen prevalence vary by region, highlighting the importance of local monitoring and prevention efforts.
Prevention and Protection
Tick prevention strategies involve a multi-pronged approach. Conduct thorough tick checks on yourself, children, and pets after spending time outdoors. Remove ticks promptly using tweezers, grasping them close to the attachment site and pulling gently. Using insect repellents containing DEET or picaridin on exposed skin can help deter ticks. Permethrin, an insecticide, can be applied to clothing or purchased as pre-treated clothing to eliminate ticks that come in contact. Outdoor pets can use preventatives like topical or oral treatments to kill ticks that bite them. Practicing good hygiene, such as showering after outdoor activities, also reduces tick attachment and potential infection risks.
Understanding Tick-borne Diseases
Tick-borne diseases include more than just Lyme disease, though it receives significant attention. Other tick-borne pathogens can cause serious illnesses, such as anaplasmosis, rocky mountain spotted fever, babesiosis, and viral infections like heartland virus and Powassan virus. Lyme disease is treatable with antibiotics, but the idea of chronic Lyme disease is often misunderstood and unsupported by scientific evidence. Tick testing is not a diagnostic tool for humans, and monitoring for symptoms, like fatigue, headache, and fever, along with considering epidemiological factors, can guide medical evaluations. Preventative measures and prompt tick removal are key to reducing the risk of tick-borne diseases.
On this week's episode of the pod, we tackle a topic that bugs so many... ticks!
Tis the season for ticks in certain parts of the US, so we had to talk about these little blood-sucking arthropods! We are “joined” by a special guest and the Executive Director of the American Lyme Disease Foundation: our very own Dr. Andrea Love! We kick things off with a summary of the diversity of tick species, especially those to be aware of in the US. We chat about different types of pathogens and diseases that may be spread by ticks. We discuss the ways the ticks feed and survive and their life cycle. We remind folks that not all ticks carry pathogens-- and we try to allay the concerns of those who avoid going outside out of fear of tick bites. Next, we focus on prevention and the multi-pronged approach that will significantly reduce your risk of tickborne illness! We discuss what to do if you are bitten by a tick (and what NOT to do) and debunk some common tick myths and misconceptions. We wrap things up with a discussion about tick testing (and whether it's necessary to send in ticks to labs for testing) and distinguish between diagnostic testing and surveillance. You do not want to miss this!
Check us out on Substack and Instagram:
www.theunbiasedscipod.substack.com
https://www.instagram.com/unbiasedscipod
Interested in advertising with us? Please reach out to advertising@airwavemedia.com, with “Unbiased Science” in the subject line.
PLEASE NOTE: The discussion and information provided in this podcast are for general educational, scientific, and informational purposes only and are not intended as, and should not be treated as, medical or other professional advice for any particular individual or individuals. Every person and medical issue is different, and diagnosis and treatment requires consideration of specific facts often unique to the individual. As such, the information contained in this podcast should not be used as a substitute for consultation with and/or treatment by a doctor or other medical professional. If you are experiencing any medical issue or have any medical concern, you should consult with a doctor or other medical professional.
Further, due to the inherent limitations of a podcast such as this as well as ongoing scientific developments, we do not guarantee the completeness or accuracy of the information or analysis provided in this podcast, although, of course we always endeavor to provide comprehensive information and analysis. In no event may Unbiased Science or any of the participants in this podcast be held liable to the listener or anyone else for any decision allegedly made or action allegedly taken or not taken allegedly in reliance on the discussion or information in this podcast or for any damages allegedly resulting from such reliance.