Author Steele Alexandra Douris discusses her book on Victorian spiritualism, highlighting its connection to social justice, the gothic heroine archetype, and Christmas ghost stories. The podcast also explores the influence of Victorian aesthetics on modern culture, the origins of spiritualism in Hidesville, and the Victorian era's impact on the gothic genre. Lastly, it delves into the gothic Victorian atmosphere of Highgate Cemetery and the tradition of telling ghost stories during Christmas.
Spiritualism in the Victorian era was seen as a scientific investigation into spirit communication that gained popularity but later declined.
The Gothic aesthetic of the Victorian era influenced art, literature, and culture, portraying beautiful and tragic women and continues to resonate in modern culture.
Christmas in Victorian England was associated with ghost stories, reflecting the era's fascination with the supernatural and providing a space for entertainment and contemplation.
Deep dives
Spiritualism as a belief in communication with spirits
During the Victorian era, the spiritualist movement emerged, promoting the belief that anyone could communicate with spirits. Unlike other occult movements, spiritualists saw spirit communication as an innate human ability that could be improved upon. This belief set them apart, as they viewed it as something to be investigated and studied scientifically. The movement gained popularity in the mid-19th century, particularly in upstate New York with the Fox sisters. Spirit communication became a central focus, with seances and phenomena being recorded and observed. However, by the end of the 19th century, interest in spiritualism waned.
The Victorian Gothic Aesthetic and Its Influence
The Victorian era gave rise to a distinct Gothic aesthetic that heavily influenced art, literature, and culture. This aesthetic was characterized by an infusion of Victorian ideas, medievalism, and fascination with the supernatural. The pre-Raphaelite painters, for example, depicted mythical and medieval women in their work, drawing inspiration from classical heroines and tragic figures. They often portrayed beautiful and tragic women, such as Ophelia and the Lady of Shalott, who represented the consequences of rebellion and the price of defying societal norms. These Gothic themes continue to resonate in modern culture, with echoes seen in art, literature, and even contemporary social media aesthetics.
The Tradition of Victorian Christmas Ghost Stories
In Victorian England, Christmas was closely associated with ghost stories. It became a tradition to tell and read ghost stories during the holiday season. Classic authors like Charles Dickens popularized the genre with iconic stories like 'A Christmas Carol.' This tradition reflected the Victorian fascination with the supernatural and the Gothic. The emphasis on ghost stories during Christmas provided a mix of entertainment and contemplation, exposing the spookier side of the festive season. While the Christmas ghost story tradition was more prevalent in the UK, it reflected the Victorian era's overall interest in the supernatural and the macabre.
The Power of Spirit Communication for Justice
Spirit communication is a powerful tool that gives voice to the voiceless and can be used to address injustice in the community. Spiritualists, including activists for abolition, believed that consulting the spirits could bring about a sense of justice and even help solve crimes. Women found a platform and legitimacy within spiritual circles, providing a space for participation in fields traditionally closed off to them, such as scientific experimentation and healing. While the Victorian era had its share of racism and misogyny, spiritualism offered a political framework and facilitated conversations about progressive ideas, including the abolition of slavery and free love movement.
The Gothic Heroine and the Horrors of Domesticity
The Gothic genre explores the horror and hidden dark side of domesticity, making it a fitting space to examine the lives of Victorian women. The Victorian era was characterized by social pressures on middle-class women to uphold moral standards and the idealized image of the angel in the home. The Gothic heroine represented the conflicts and fears surrounding the home, revealing the potential horrors that could exist within. The allure of the Victorian era for contemporary audiences lies in their shared anxieties regarding advancements in technology, urbanization, and the disruption of traditional social structures, showing that these concerns are not limited to a specific time period.
Author Steele Alexandra Douris joins me in this week's episode to discuss her book Spirits, Seers & Seances: Victorian Spiritualism, Magic, and the Supernatural. Steele discusses the history of spiritualism, how it was sometimes a force for social justice, the archetype of the gothic heroine and the final girl, and how Christmas was the season for ghost stories.