The Billion Dollar War Behind U.S. Rum (Planet Money)
Aug 6, 2024
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Discover the surprising federal tax system that directs rum taxes to Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, generating over $700 million annually. Dive into the intense rivalry sparked by the U.S. Virgin Islands' successful lure of Captain Morgan from Puerto Rico. The narrative unfolds the fierce competition over rum production, highlighting political tensions and economic consequences. Explore how these tax laws and legislative maneuvers create a complex battle that significantly impacts local communities and big liquor companies alike.
42:48
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Quick takeaways
The rum tax system allocates federal tax revenue to Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, significantly benefiting their economies.
The Rum Wars illustrate the intense rivalry spurred by economic incentives, as evidenced by the Virgin Islands' successful allure of Captain Morgan's operations.
Deep dives
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The Rum Wars Between Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands
The territorial competition over rum production illustrates a complex economic struggle between Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, often referred to as the Rum Wars. A unique tax loophole allows the U.S. territories to receive considerable benefits from rum taxes, creating an environment where both regions vie for lucrative rum contracts with major brands like Captain Morgan. In 2008, the Virgin Islands successfully lured Captain Morgan’s distillery from Puerto Rico, triggering tensions and a fierce response from Puerto Rican officials worried about losing economic opportunities. This conflict exemplifies how tax arrangements can provoke strategic maneuvers among territories competing for limited resources.
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When you buy a bottle of rum in the United States, by law nearly all the federal taxes on that rum must be sent to Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It's an unusual system that Congress designed decades ago to help fund these two U.S. territories. In 2021 alone, these rum tax payments added up to more than $700 million. Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands split the money according to how much rum each territory produces. And the territories produce a lot of it — especially Puerto Rico, which single handedly supplies the majority of the rum that Americans drink. But in 2008, the U.S. Virgin Islands pulled off a coup. It convinced one of the largest rum brands in the world, Captain Morgan, to abandon Puerto Rico and to shift its operations to the tiny island of St. Croix. This was the beginning of the Rum Wars. Listen in to the story of how this war turned the two territories into bitter rivals—and put hundreds of millions of U.S. taxpayer money in the pockets of big liquor companies. (Guest episode)