Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas on the Global Outlook: Steady but Slow
May 2, 2024
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IMF Chief Economist Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas discusses the steady but slow global economic outlook, emphasizing resilience and recovery. Topics include factors contributing to global economic growth, challenges in emerging markets, and the impact of geopolitical tensions on the economy. Insights into the collaborative process behind the World Economic Outlook report are also highlighted.
Global economy shows resilience with steady growth preventing recession.
US faces fiscal consolidation challenges to balance stability amidst global economic shifts.
Deep dives
Overview of Global Economy Resilience and Growth
The global economy has displayed remarkable resilience despite facing challenges. Inflation is expected to decrease, with median inflation projected to decline to 2.8% by the end of this year and further to 2.4% by the end of 2025. The economy shows signs of a soft landing, maintained by a combination of supply-side factors like increased labor force participation and productivity, as well as resilient private and public demand globally. This steady growth trajectory has prevented a global recession, an achievement attributed to harmonizing supply and demand factors.
Divergence Between Economies and Fiscal Consolidation
While the US economy has rebounded and surpassed pre-pandemic levels, concerns arise regarding disparities and divergences between advanced and emerging market economies. Calls for fiscal consolidation are prominent, notably in the US to ensure sustainable fiscal policies. Drawing parallels to the 1993 fiscal consolidation in the US, fiscal adjustments are necessary but require credible implementation to maintain economic stability and prevent recession. The tightening of fiscal policies amidst global economic challenges underscores the need for a strategic balance between fiscal and monetary measures.
Impact of Emerging Market Economies and Geoeconomic Fragmentation
Emerging market economies have showcased resilience and improved frameworks to withstand global economic shifts, emphasizing their growing impact on the global economy. Despite challenges in navigating strong currencies and global pressures, emerging markets play a vital role in driving global growth. Geoeconomic fragmentation, marked by a surge in trade restrictive measures, poses significant risks and complexities for international trade dynamics. The increase in misallocation, possibly influenced by technological advancements, underscores the need for strategic economic policies to mitigate productivity growth challenges globally.
The World Economic Outlook is more than projected growth rates. The research behind those projections tells the story of how 190 countries, slowly but steadily, found their way through the fog of the past few years to emerge a testament to the resilience of the global economy. Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas is IMF Chief Economist and brings together the multitude of analytics, data and insight that provide the signposts. In this podcast, Gourinchas says while the fears of a global recession have not materialized, the path ahead is not without obstacles. Transcript: https://bit.ly/4b5O6x6
Read the full report at IMF.org
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