Discover how the near-extinct vicuna wool has become highly sought-after. Learn about the conservation efforts in the Peruvian natural reserve. Explore the issue of domestic cattle encroaching on the reserve and the trade of vicuna fiber. Hear about the economic impact of the vicuna fiber industry in Lukanas, Peru.
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Quick takeaways
The demand for Bikunyar wool has contributed to the conservation and preservation of the species by creating a profitable business model that incentivizes farming communities to engage in sustainable practices.
The Bikunyar industry faces challenges, including declining prices, increasing production costs, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which puts the future of the industry and the conservation of the species at risk without better support from the Peruvian government.
Deep dives
The Special Wool of Bikunyar
Bikunyar wool is known for being one of the most expensive in the world due to its exceptional quality. Despite being the smallest relative of llamas and alpacas, Bikunyars produce fibers that are highly sought after. These fibers are incredibly fine and silky, making garments made from them both rare and expensive. The scarcity and exclusivity of Bikunyar wool attract a small number of individuals willing to pay high prices for it.
Conservation Efforts for Bikunyar
Bikunyars are found in wild, protected areas located at high altitudes in Peru. The Pampagalérez natural reserve is dedicated to preserving these animals as their population declined significantly in the past due to hunting. With the introduction of legislation and the assignment of rights to indigenous communities and companies, Bikunyars have made a remarkable recovery. The fiber can only be traded from captured and released animals, ensuring sustainable practices. However, the growing number of domestic cattle in the surrounding farming communities poses a threat to the reserve and the Bikunyars.
The Challenges Faced by Bikunyar Fiber Industry
The Bikunyar fiber industry plays a vital economic and conservation role for impoverished communities in Peru. However, the industry faces challenges. The production costs of processing Bikunyar wool are high due to the manual labor involved, and the prices continue to decline while costs increase. This decrease in profitability has consequences for farming communities that rely on the sale of Bikunyar fiber. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the Chaku ceremony, necessary for controlling the animals' health, resulting in the spread of diseases. Without better prices and support from the Peruvian government, the future of the Bikunyar industry and the conservation of the species may be at risk.
You may not be familiar with the vicuna, but in Peru, where it's the national animal, the smallest relative of the llama is revered - particularly for its fine and insulating coat.
In this programme, Stefania Gozzer travels to the Peruvian Andes, to meet the animals that produce one of the most expensive wools in the world. Demand for their coveted fleece once led them near extinction, but now it has become the best tool to preserve them.
Stefania visits Pampa Galeras, to talk to the scientists that work in the largest natural reserve created to protect vicunas. She learns how farming communities engage in the conservation of this species while making a profit, and hears why the business model that once saved vicunas is now at risk.
Presented and produced by Stefania Gozzer
(Image: A vicuna. Credit: Getty Images)
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